Etiology of colitis is still not clear in medicine, as well as the natural course and response to treatment is unpredictable. Each patient manifests itself in different ways, and therefore, he needs individual therapy. It is worth noting that only severe forms of colitis are treated in the clinic, the lighter ones can be treated at home.
An accurate prognosis of colitis etiology is still unknown to medicine. However, three theories or, as they are called, the basic concepts are developed:
- Colitis can be caused by the direct impact of some kind of factors from the external environment. These factors are not yet established. In the form of a fundamental reason, it is considered an infection.
- Colitis is an autoimmune disease. One of the assumptions in medicine is the etiology that if there is a genetic predisposition of the organism to the effect of one or several factors that could cause the disease, then the cascade of the mechanism directed against its own antigens starts. This kind of etiology can be characteristic of other autoimmune diseases.
- It is assumed that the etiology of colitis is due to a violation of the balance of the immune system of the cavity of the gastrointestinal tract. Against this background, in medicine it is noted that if a variety of unfavorable factors influence, this will lead to an excessive inflammatory reaction that arises from hereditary or acquired disorders in the regulatory mechanism of the immune system.
Thus, the etiology of colitis is still not fully understood by medicine, however, regular research and innovative technologies provide an opportunity to study this issue in more depth.
The pathogenesis of colitis
The development of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of colitis is caused by the action of a large number of mechanisms responsible for tissue and cellular damage. In the medicine of this disease, tissue and bacterial antigens begin to stimulate T and B lymphocytes. If colitis worsens, the clinic can detect a deficiency of immunoglobulins, which creates an excellent opportunity for microbial penetration, as well as compensatory stimulation of B cells in the formation of M and G immunoglobulins. In pathogenesis, it is established that an autoimmune reaction is amplified in the presence of T suppressor deficiency. Because of the enhanced synthesis of immunoglobulins M and G, immune complexes are formed, which is observed in the clinic of colitis, and, as it was noted in medicine, a complement system with cytotoxic action is activated, and chemotaxis of neutrophils and phagocytes is stimulated with subsequent excretions of mediators of inflammatory processes causingdestruction of epithelial cells. Among the mediators of the inflammatory process in pathogenesis, one should firstly name such cytokines as IL-1ß, IF-y, IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, affecting the growth, promotion, differentiation and effector functions of a large number of cell types that are involvedin pathological processes. In addition, that there are pathological immune reactions that damage the tissue, active oxygen and proteases affect. There is also a change in the level of apoptosis, that is, the mechanism of cell death.
An important role in the pathogenesis and medicine of colitis is a violation of the functionality of the barrier of the intestinal mucosa and its ability to regenerate. In medicine, it is considered that by means of mucosal defects, different kinds of food and bacterial types penetrate into the deeper intestinal tissue, triggering a cascade of immune response and inflammatory processes.
An important role in the pathogenesis of the disease and the provocative reactions of relapse of the disease is given to the peculiarities of the patient's personality and the psychogenic influence exerted. Individual reactions to the occurrence of stress with abnormal neurohumoral responses according to the assumption of medicine may well trigger the mechanism of the development of the disease. It is also noted that with the neuropsychic status of the patient, one can note in the medicine of the disease features, expressed in the instability of the emotional background.
Colitis clinic
The modern clinic of colitis takes into account the prevalence of the process, the extent to which clinical and endoscopic manifestations are expressed, as well as the characteristics of the disease.
The length of the process in medicine distinguishes:
- Total colitis, when the entire colon is affected by involvement in the pathological process of the terminal segment of the intestinal ileal. The clinic includes weight loss, general weakness, fever, nausea and vomiting.
- Left-sided colitis, when the colon is afflicted to the right bend. The clinic includes rapid overfatigue, increased defecation, painful spasms in the abdomen.
- Distal colitis, manifested as a proctitis or proctosigmoiditis. The clinic includes constipation and false desires, the secretion of blood, mucus and pus, tenesmus.
Medicine and treatment of colitis
Treatment for colitis with traditional medicine means to localize the pathological process in the colon, the detection of complications, the severity of the disease. Lying in the clinic is not necessary if there are mild forms of the disease. But patients who have a left-sided or total form of the disease go to the clinic, because the symptoms and multiple organic changes are more pronounced.
Food in the clinic gives a high-calorie and includes a large number of vitamins, proteins, macro- and microelements. In addition, the clinic complies with the prescription of the doctor about observing not only the diet, but also the adoption of medical products of an antiviral and ancillary type. Throughout the treatment of colitis, the regimen, diet and other manipulations are observed for the complete recovery of the patient.