Many people are mistaken, thinking that ischemia affects only the heart. With this pathology, there is a violation of blood supply in any part of the human body. This leads to oxygen starvation, slowing of metabolic processes and a number of irreversible changes. Ischemia can be localized in any of the organs, including the kidneys.
Kidney ischemia
Kidney ischemia includes a number of concomitant ailments that have a common name - ischemic nephropathy. The main cause of their appearance is the violation of the patency of blood in the supply vessels. The renal system is particularly sensitive to such deformities( even a minor lesion of the arteries leads to the development of nephropathy).
In renal ischemia, the process of eliminating toxins and waste products is disrupted. Pathology at an early stage has a limited clinical picture( mild symptoms).In advanced cases, there is a high risk of developing ischemic infarction of tissue - necrosis.
Causes of
The etiology of kidney ischemia is inherent or acquired.
Among the main factors that provoke the disease in the course of life, there are:
- atherosclerosis( a cluster of cholesterol blisters on the walls of blood vessels);
- thromboembolism - occlusion of the lumen of the vein;
- mechanical damage to the kidneys or adjacent tissues;
- frequent vasculitis( inflammation);
- cholesterol embolism in the arteries of the kidneys.
Among the causes of acquired form in adults are also consequences after thermal ischemia. Thermal kidney ischemia is a manipulation that refers to the standard procedure for laparoscopic surgery.
Renal nephropathy in neonates is characterized by damage to the tubules and glomeruli on the background of weak blood supply. There is a disease due to hypoxia of the fetus with intrauterine pneumonia or sepsis. Ischemic nephropathy is found in infants and in hypovolemia - large blood loss during childbirth. The negative effect is also taken by the pregnant woman's intake of potent antibiotics.
Symptoms of
There is a flow of ischemic kidney nephropathy in several forms:
- Sluggish( or chronic);
- sharp;
- fast-progressive.
In the first case, the symptomatology is practically absent, so usually the disease is not diagnosed. The main symptoms are pain syndrome in the kidney, blood pressure and body temperature.
The fast-progressive form is characterized by more obvious symptoms:
- Exacerbation of skin sensitivity, tingling, sensation of goosebumps.
- Nausea and vomiting. Necrosis on the toes.
- The formation of vascular nodules in the limb region.
- Blue arms, legs, chest.
- Paralysis and hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis
There is no general standard for diagnosis of kidney ischemia. The conclusion of the doctor is established on the basis of patient complaints and the presence of a complex of clinical symptoms. Laboratory methods for diagnosing a patient are also used.
To identify an accurate diagnosis, the patient is referred for examination. During the procedures, the degree of blood supply to the kidneys, the state of blood vessels and tissues, and the level of blood flow are revealed.
Basic diagnostic methods:
- computer spiral angiography;
- radiography is radioisotope( captopril is administered);
- ultrasonography duplex;
- magnetic resonance imaging( MRI);
- Ultrasound-duplex scanning of PA( detection of specificity and sensitivity).
All the methods presented are reliable and guarantee the accuracy of the result by 100%.
Newborn children undergo biochemistry of blood - the level of urea and creatinine is determined. Collection of urine is performed to detect daily diuresis. To evaluate the renal parenchyma, an ultrasound examination( ultrasound) is performed.
On the video about the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ischemic kidney disease:
Treatment of
Ischemic nephropathy is usually detected in neglected form, since in the early stages it is asymptomatic. The first condition of treatment in any form is urgent hospitalization. With sluggish renal failure, health measures are aimed at inhibiting the progression of pathology.
The basis of therapy is the purification of blood( hemodialysis) to eliminate intoxication. With moderate ischemia conservative methods of treatment are used. The doctor prescribes medicinal therapy, makes a diet, chooses the norms of consumption of water, salt and proteins on an individual level. A complex of such effects inhibits the progression of renal failure.
For medical treatment prescribe:
- therapy for the removal of inflammation;
- mixed lipid-lowering effect;
- vasodilator preparations that dilute blood( to prevent cardiovascular complications and thromboses);
In more complex cases, operational procedures can not be avoided:
- Creation of a roundabout blood supply to the kidney through revascularization - vascular repair.
- Elimination of stenosis of the arteries with the help of angioplasty and the installation of a stent - a light and strong tube for the creation of an artery skeleton.
Diet
Special attention should be paid to diet. In the diet, you need to increase the number of foods rich in protein and lipolipids. The patient should give up fatty, salty and smoked food. It is useful to eat squash, carrots, potatoes, pumpkins and beets. From fruits and berries - raspberries and strawberries, cranberries and strawberries. It is desirable to drink natural compotes and herbal decoctions. Limit the body in the liquid is strictly prohibited. It is important to immediately abandon bad habits, as they aggravate the condition.
Complications and consequences
The main complication of ischemic nephropathy is renal failure, which limits the functionality of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis or cystitis may also develop.
If timely measures are not taken, other complications may follow:
- arrhythmia;
- anemia;
- pulmonary swelling;
- chronic cardiovascular disease;
- kidney work stop;
- lethal outcome.
After the course of therapy, the functionality of the organ is restored, and the dead part is cicatrized. Watch your health, do not let bad habits break the full life. If the first symptoms are found, do not expose yourself to danger and drag along with the doctor.