Papilloma is a benign tumor localized on the skin, less often on the mucous membranes. The formation of any papillomas occurs after penetration into the body of HPV - the human papillomavirus. But it is necessary to know that from the moment of infection and to the formation of growths on the skin there are sometimes several years.
Varieties of
HPV is a microorganism that has up to hundreds of stamps. Depending on the type of HPV stamp affecting a human, different types of papillomas are formed on skin integuments. They differ in appearance, growth rate, location on the body.
The picture shows papillomavirus
Some papillomatous growths are detected on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, in the bladder, in women in the vagina, and in men in the penis.
Types of
Human papillomavirus after its activation in the body leads to the appearance of not only changes on the skin and mucous membranes, but also to a number of dangerous for human health diseases. On what path the development of infection will go depends, first of all, on the type of HPV in the body.
Papillomas are caused by several types of the virus and in some cases, according to their location and external characteristics, one can assume the type of HPV.
Simple
Simple papillomas have several more names, it's vulgar or ordinary. They appear on the body in the event that the body develops several types of HPV and more often it is 26-29, 41, 63, 77.
Vulgar papillomas are the most likely formation on the skin of a benign group. The process of formation of papilloma begins with a slight burning and tingling in a certain area of the body, then at this place you can see the growth of a ball-shaped tumor.
Over time, the surface of this uneven formation becomes rough, the color from the corporeal changes to a darker one. The size of a simple papilloma begins from 1 mm and can reach a centimeter in diameter.
The most common place of localization in adults is the fingers, the gaps between the fingers and the palms on the back. Often vulgar papillomas are found in children, with frequent localization of such formations become knee areas, which is due to the fact that a small child often moves crawling and is infected through the slightest cracks in the skin.
Ordinary papillomas are single or multiple. In the latter case, subsidiaries grow up next to the main - the parent.
Plantar
Papillomas on the soles of the feet can appear in people infected with HPV types 1, 2 and 4.These formations are easily confused with calluses, but there are several signs pointing specifically at the plantar papilloma, this:
- Education has all the distinctive external characteristics of vulgar papilloma.
- Tenderness, hardening when squeezing the papilloma with tight shoes.
- No skin pattern. On calluses, the cutaneous pattern is preserved, and their surface is fairly smooth.
Plantar papillomas can break down on their own, especially in young children. Often, around the first knob small bubbles form which eventually transform into papillomas, a process that is referred to in medicine as mosaic papillomatosis.
Flat
The flat papillomas have received their name due to the fact that they are only slightly, that is, for a couple of millimeters, protrude over the skin. Their shape is round, more often elongated, oval, places of growth - the face, the area near the lips, the upper part of the thorax, the external genitalia. Girls and women are often diagnosed in the cervix.
The photo shows flat papillomas on the skin of the face
Nearby flat papillomas can merge with each other and then they become very visible on the body. In color, these formations rarely differ from the rest of the skin tone or may be somewhat darker than it.
Filamentous
Papillomas, growing on a thin pedicle and having an elongated, elongated shape, are designated in medicine as filiform or acrochords. They are caused by HPV types 7 and 2.At the beginning of the growth of this formation, you can see a small knob on the skin, which gradually stretches and hangs.
Acrochords mainly grow in people after 40 years, regardless of their sex. Most often they are located on the upper eyelids, neck, under the arms and mammary glands, in the groin. Filiform formations are prone to injury, since a thin leg can easily be caught with clothing or careless movements.
Pointed
Pointed papillomas or condylomas are papilliformes, they are arranged either individually or in whole groups. As they grow like papillomas, they merge with each other and during this period their surface visually resembles a cock's comb, the color of the formations from corporeal to bright pink.
Genital warts are caused only by those types of HPV that are sexually transmitted. Therefore, these papillomas are found on the genitals, in the anus, in the perineum and groin. In men, condylomas often affect the penis or grow inside the urethra. In women, papilliform formations seize the vagina and cervix.
Genital warts very quickly grow, fusion and extensive seizure of healthy tissue is noted sometimes in a few days. This kind of education on the skin is prone to the appearance of relapses after treatment. Often carrying out of analyzes allows to reveal and accompanying infections - a mycoplasmosis, a clamidiosis.
Types of
The types of HPV are divided according to the risk of possible oncogenic lesions of the skin and internal organs. Allocate:
- HPV with high oncological risk, these are types of - 16, 18, 45, 36.
- HPV with an average degree of cancer risk - 31, 35, 33, 58. 51, 52.
- HPV with a low degree of cancer risknot oncogenic) - 11, 44, 43, 42, 6.
Features of oncogenic types of the papilloma virus and their treatment, in this video:
Non-oncogenic types of the virus most often cause benign growths, that is, papillomas, on the skin.Squamous cell
Squamous cell papilloma occurs as a result of the proliferation of the flat epithelium of the skin. The most common form in the elderly, is characterized by slow growth. In younger people, it can form in areas of the body that are prone to permanent trauma.
Squamous papillomas are both thin-stem and tumor formations that have a wide base and a rounded shape. At the beginning of its growth the papilloma is mobile, its color is whitish, corpulent or dark brown, in sizes it can reach one and a half to two centimeters.
In case of permanent trauma, it can become inflamed, which results in mutation of the cells and can be transformed into cancerous cells and a squamous cell cancer appears.
Inverted
Inverted( transitional-cellular) papilloma is relatively rare, and it has its own peculiarities of origin and development, including:
- The specific site of localization of - this kind of papillomas affects only the nose and its adnexal sinuses. Education often grows in the haymorovoy, frontal sinus, trellis labyrinth.
- The lesion is one-sided , that is, the papilloma grows on one side of the nose, but it can be either single or multiple.
- Germination of the papilloma in the bone structure of , which leads to the destruction of the walls of the orbit, the sky, the sinuses of the nose, and the bones of the skull.
- Recurrence of the disease 5-10 years after effective treatment.
Inverted papilloma leads to severe nasal congestion, the appearance of suppository discharge or to nosebleeds.
If the tumor reaches significant dimensions, then the deformation of the facial skeleton and the displacement on the side of the eyeball lesion are visually determined. In 5% of cases, the long-term course of the disease in the absence of adequate therapy leads to the degeneration of papilloma into cancerous growth.
Localization of
Single or multiple papillomas can be detected in virtually any part of the body. More inconveniences are naturally delivered by growths located on the face, but papillomas in closed areas of the body are often injured by rough clothing.
Due to the peculiarities of the development of the virus and the structure of the skin, several sites are identified with the predominant localization of papillomas, these are:
- Natural folds on the body of - underarms, inguinal region, lower abdomen with excess weight. In women, the formation of flat and filiform papillomas often occurs under the mammary glands.
- Brushes of hands, skin of the face, neck, back and stomach. On the face, flat and simple papillomas are often localized near the mouth, near the eyes, on the eyelids.
- Genitals , they often grow genital warts.
- Internal organs - bladder, stomach, intestines.
- Feet feet.
Photo of human papillomavirus on the eyelid
Viral growths can be in the oral cavity, bladder, on the inner genitalia, in the ducts of the mammary glands. There are papillomas in the esophagus, larynx and trachea. Sprouting in the throat leads to a narrowing of the lumen of this channel and then signs of respiratory failure develop.
How to identify symptom formation?
Activation of different types of HPV can lead to the appearance on the skin of three different benign formations, these are warts, genital warts and papillomas.
These formations have both significant differences and some similar characteristics. Comparison of appearance and features of growth of growths on the body will help with a greater probability of independently determining the kind of benign growth.
Warts
The appearance of a wart on the body can be determined by some external features of this build-up, they include:
- The tumor size is up to 1 cm in diameter.
- Sharpness of external borders, density at a palpation and heterogeneity of a surface.
- Wrong form, which is closer to rounded.
- Color - from light gray to almost black.
- Localization features. Warts occur in people mainly in open areas of the body, especially those that are prone to frequent trauma. These are hands and fingers, knees, elbows, hairy part of the head.
The wart-causing virus is almost always transmitted by contact-household means, that is, through handshakes or less often by using one thing - towels, gloves. The most common diagnoses are:
- Vulgar warts - in 70% of cases. Simple warts are detected in 20% of adolescents and children of primary school age.
- Plantar - is detected in 30% of patients with warts.
- Flat warts is diagnosed in 4% of patients with this type of papilloma.
In a separate group, the "wart of butchers" is singled out, they are identified in people whose specialties are associated with the processing of fish or meat.
Papillomas
Papillomas are soft to the touch skin outgrowths that extend from the body on a thin stalk or have a flat base.
The virus that causes growth of papillomas, feels great in a damp, warm environment and therefore it is easy to get infected in baths, saunas, swimming pools.
At the beginning of its growth, papillomas cause some burning and tingling in the upper layers of the skin, then at this place you can see the formation of a small knob. Gradually this outgrowth extends, elongates, its dimensions vary from 0.2 mm and up to 1-1.5 cm in diameter.
The color of papillomas is most often corpulent, grayish or yellowish. These tumors grow more often in the elderly, but often affect the skin of young people. Unlike warts, papillomas prefer to grow on closed areas of the body - under the arms, breasts, in the groin, on the inner thighs.
Papillomas usually begin to grow on the background of long-term treatment of infectious or somatic diseases, as well as in people with weakened immunity. Single education leads to the formation of others and then there is papillomatosis.
Condylomas
Genital warts appear on the mucous membranes, only under the influence of certain types of HPV, which are transmitted by a single way - sexual.
These sprouts are most often localized in the genital area and near the anus, less often in the oropharynx. Condylomas are papillate growths, individual elements can merge with each other and then a tumor resembling a cock's crest appears.
Detecting condylomas on the external genitalia with an attentive attitude to their health is easy. It must be remembered that the mucous membrane is normally smooth, and the appearance of roughness, tubercles, and knobs on it is the reason for seeking the establishment of a diagnosis in a medical institution.
Transmission routes of HPV
HPV can be transmitted in several ways - sexual, from mother to child in labor, contact - through cracks and abrasions on the skin.
Not necessarily contact should be direct, often the virus remains on personal items - towels, razors, bastards, toothbrushes. Perhaps the infection of HPV in hairdressing salons, beauty salons, medical institutions - insufficient disinfection of the toolkit leads to infection by various types of pathogens.
The cause of
As already explained, the main reason for the appearance of papillomas is the human papillomavirus. Infection with this microorganism occurs unnoticed for a person and sometimes people are completely unaware that they are carriers of infection.
According to recent data, HPV of different types is present in the body of a third of the world's population, except for infants and elderly people.
Activation of the virus and, respectively, the growth of papillomas, and the development of other diseases occurs in the following cases:
- With a significant weakening of the immune system.
- Under the influence of harmful factors, which include smoking, alcohol abuse, taking certain medications.
- Exacerbations of gastrointestinal diseases, influenza.
- With prolonged use of oral contraceptives.
It is noticed that most of all papillomas on the body occur in people leading a promiscuous sexual life.
The virus in gynecology
The presence of HPV in the body of women is considered extremely dangerous, especially in 16 and 18 types.
Against the background of carriage of papillomavirus there are not only papillomas and erosion of the cervix, but also such a dangerous disease as cervical cancer. Recent studies suggest that in almost a hundred percent of cases of cervical cancer in women in their bodies, HPV is detected.
What danger papilloma contains for women, the following video will tell:
You can identify the virus through several tests and examinations. On their basis the doctor selects the treatment, and the woman must be constantly examined in order to capture the activation of the multiplication of the microorganism in time, which is the prevention of cancer.How is it dangerous?
Many people think about the treatment and removal of papillomas only in connection with the appearance of a cosmetic defect on the skin. But such a change is dangerous only from the aesthetic side, more need to beware of another consequence - the degeneration of papilloma into a cancerous formation.
Contribute to this complication of frequent injuries growing papillomas, their inflammation. In the case of development of a build-up in the throat, on the vocal cords and in the trachea, the function of respiration worsens, possibly bleeding and the occurrence of suffocation.
Papillomas in women not only violate reproductive function, but can also be transmitted to a child. Usually the virus gets to the kid directly in the mouth and then the oropharynx grows, interfering with breathing and voice formation, papillomas.
A man with papillomas on the body and the genitals can transmit the virus to sexual partners. It is impossible to exclude the risk of transmission of HPV and through towels and other items and then the danger of infection occurs for children and relatives living next door.
Diagnosis of the disease
The diagnosis is made based on the detection on the body of papillomas. For confirmation, a PCR or Digene HPV test is assigned. When removing papillomas, a portion of the growth for the cytological examination is taken.
Treatment of human papillomavirus
Treatment of HPV should be mandatory.
Papillomas on the body are removed by different methods, in addition, several groups of drugs that reduce viral activity are used.
How to deduce?
Papillomas on the body are excised by the usual surgical means, using a laser, by electrocoagulation, by radio wave therapy. The choice of the method for cutting off the papilloma depends on the location of the papilloma, the size, the number of formations, the presence of the foot.
Conservative treatment
Drug treatment consists of the course use of the following drug groups:
- Antiviral drugs that can stop the reproduction of the virus. This is Isoprinzin, Allokin alfa, Groprinosin.
- Vitamin Complexes.
- Means that enhance immunity.
The course of treatment with drugs of the human papilloma virus can be repeated on the basis of the analysis results repeatedly. The goal of antiviral therapy is complete suppression of HPV activity.
Folk remedies
In addition to the main therapy, traditional medicine can be used. To prevent further growth and in some cases, destruction of the papilloma can be by lubricating these growths with celandine juice, castor oil, juice from dandelion, garlic and sour apple.
Naturally, this removal of papillomas takes a long time and is effective in most cases when combined with the simultaneous administration of antiviral drugs.
Preventing the disease
Preventing the appearance of papillomas on the body consists in sufficient personal hygiene, in the timely processing and healing of all minor cuts on the body.
Be sure to follow the rule of using only your own towel, manicure sets, combs, shoes. When having sexual intercourse with unverified partners, you should always use condoms, and after an intimate act take a shower and carefully treat the genitals, because to introduce the virus into the epithelium takes time. Which doctor should I contact with HPV?
When the appearance of papillomas on the body is best to consult a dermatovenerologist. If overgrowth is found on the genitals, then women should consult a gynecologist, and men with a urologist.
Video about human papillomavirus, its effects and removal methods: