Some serious diseases do not have characteristics characteristic only for them. For example, the symptoms arising from the development of a benign tumor( myxoma) in the heart, are masked for other diseases.
Diagnosing and making timely removal of pathology is important to save a patient's life. Therefore, it is prudent to consult a specialist for a survey if there is a systematic malaise.
What is myxoma? A benign tumor, often similar to a polyp, can pose a threat to life, especially when dislocated in the heart cavity. In the total number of cases of heart disease affected by the tumor, children's age accounts for 15% of cases when the myxoma is diagnosed. For adults this figure is 50%.
The formation of a benign nature( myxoma) according to statistical data, is more common in female representatives. At the age interval of 40-60 years, the majority of Myxoma patients are affected.
The tumor is characterized by the content of a significant amount of mucus. The formation body is formed by abnormal cells of connective tissue.
The mixoma is often attached with a foot to the interstitial septum. Depending on which heart cavity the pathological education is growing, the problems and risks associated with this phenomenon are determined.
If the tumor is formed in the atrial zone, the discomfort and symptoms of disturbances caused by its presence and vital activity will mimic the abnormalities associated with the operation of the valves. The same problem in the field of the ventricles is masked by the symptoms of constriction of the vessels: the pulmonary artery or the aorta.
Tumor localization
Pathological formation may be located:
- in the heart cavity - the most common localization of myxoma;
- in the abdominal cavity;
- in the jaw;
- in the bladder,
- in the small pelvis;
- on the finger,
- in the oral cavity,
- in the navel zone,
- in the area of intermuscular tissue, for example, on the buttock;
- in the field of fascia and aponeuroses,
- on the limbs in the tissues that surround the joints.
The most common locations of the myxoma are given. Medical practice revealed that the tumor can develop in any organ.
Species of the
Moxome that develops in the heart cavity can affect parts of it:
- ventricles,
- atrial:
- in the right atrial tumor process occurs in 20% of cases,
- in the left atrial pathology is most common - this includes three quarterspatients with myxoma heart;
- valves.
In the right atrium, the presence of myxoma causes noticeable discomfort when the diameter of the tumor exceeds 10 cm.
When lesions of the left atrium are characterized by the appearance of alarm signals in the body, when the diameter of the formation reaches 7 cm. Mixoma is a tumor that develops at high speed.
The nature of the disorders caused by the disease:
- in the right ventricle - the possibility of an obstruction to hemodynamics before entering the pulmonary trunk,
- in the left ventricle - creates a hemodynamic obstruction, for example, narrowing in the aortic zone;
- a tumor in the right atrium creates conditions for violation of venous outflow,
- in the left atrium is a situation that contributes to hindering the outflow of blood from the pulmonary veins.
MIXOS having localization in other places( not in the heart cavity) are divided into the following species:
- Digital - formation occurs as a node inside the skin, it can be small in size. Localization of such a pathology occurs on the fingers.
- Intramuscular - tumor originates in intermuscular cellulose;the characteristic location of the pathology - the buttocks.
- Juxtarticular - this name is myxoma, which is localized in the area of the joints, hitting the surrounding tissues.
Reasons for
There are no direct causes of myxoma appearance. But some patterns accompanying the disease are seen.
- Up to 10% of myxoma cases are associated with heredity( Carney syndrome).
- The rest of the tumors are triggered by presumably such factors:
- , cardiac trauma,
- after manipulation associated with surgery:
- balloon valve dilatation,
- plastic defects caused by various integrity disorders of parts of the organ;
- transseptal puncture,
- and other variants, for example, separate areas in the oral cavity are system traumatized;
- traumatization of tissues in the joints and elsewhere.
Symptoms
Miksomnaya tumor manifests itself through such ailments:
- heartbeat,
- thromboembolism,
- fever,
- anemia,
- dyspnea,
- emaciation,
- shortness of breath at night,
- orthopnea,
- pulmonary edema,
- cough,
- loss of consciousnessdizziness,
- tachycardia,
- subcutaneous formation that appears on any part of the body,
- hemoptysis,
- general weakness,
- joint pain,
- sudden death.
Diagnosis
When examining a patient and listening to the heart, noise can be seen that varies depending on the position of the patient's body. If the tumor is localized in another place and it is in sight, then a preliminary examination by a doctor is possible.
Methods for determining the myxoma and for obtaining detailed information:
- phonocardiography - using the method, a graphic representation of the sounds produced by the heart is created;
- electrocardiogram is a method showing a picture of the electrical activity of the heart;
- transesophageal echocardiography is a method that helps to see the exact location of the tumor, the place of attachment of the foot;
- radiocontrast study shows whether there are signs of venous stasis in the lungs;
- transthoracic echocardiography - the method is as important as transesophageal echocardiography;gives information on the mobility of the formation, the location of the attachment of the tumor;
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging - a layered investigation of the problem area with the possibility of obtaining detailed information,
- cardiac catheterization is performed when it is necessary to perform a biopsy of tumor tissues in order to clarify the diagnosis.
Treatment of
Patients who have an education diagnosed as myxoma are referred by specialists to its removal. This is the only way to treat the problem.
The specialist does not examine the pathology by the method of palpation during the procedure. A tumor based on diagnostic tests is studied and cut off in one go. Together with myxoma, the place of attachment of the tumor leg is excised.
Depending on the location of the problem in the heart cavity, the necessary restorative actions after tumor removal are performed:
- of a septal plastic between the chambers of the heart, other parts of the heart;
- prosthetic valve,
- plastic valve device
- and other actions.
The cost of surgery to remove myxoma heart
The operation for the removal of pathology on average costs 190500 ÷ 197100 rubles. In different clinics there may be deviations in the price policy.
Postoperative prognosis
Tumors that are initiated by hereditary causes have the property of appearing again after surgical removal. The percentage of such patients in the total number of operated patients with hereditary syndrome reaches a value of 22.
The education that occurs for other reasons does not have recurrences. Up to 2% of cases are exceptions to the rules.
Relapses occur if during the operation the Myxoma attachment pad has not been sufficiently removed from the organ.
In most cases, the removal of tumor formation leads to a complete cure.
Video about the peculiarities of myxoma:
Video about removal of myxoma of right atrium:
- in the right atrial tumor process occurs in 20% of cases,
- in the left atrial pathology is most common - this includes three quarterspatients with myxoma heart;
- , cardiac trauma,
- after manipulation associated with surgery:
- balloon valve dilatation,
- plastic defects caused by various integrity disorders of parts of the organ;
- transseptal puncture,
- and other variants, for example, separate areas in the oral cavity are system traumatized;
- traumatization of tissues in the joints and elsewhere.