Hernia of the white abdominal line( synonym: epigastric hernia) refers to the penetration of the abdominal cavity organs( more often - intestinal loops) beyond the peritoneum, into the subcutaneous tissue area along the midline of the abdominal muscles.
Pathology arises because of the weakness of the tendon fusion of the left and right half of the abdominal muscles, which leads to the formation of hernial gates. This form of the disease is not very common, in contrast to the hernias of other localizations. However, even it can lead to the development of life-threatening complications.
During the illness, through holes and slits in the white line of the abdomen, a gradual protrusion of the preperitoneal fat takes place with the formation of the so-called preperitoneal limes, as well as the formation of a hernial sac, in which a part of the abdominal organs is located. Painful attacks can be triggered by an increase in intra-abdominal pressure as a result of severe physical exertion.
Causes of
Causes of hernia of the white line of the abdomen can be expressed by the inadequately developed connective tissue of the described area available from birth or acquired over a lifetime. In some cases, this becomes the cause of its thinning and subsequent expansion.
The weakening of the connective tissue of occurs under the influence of:
- of a hereditary predisposition;
- excess weight;
- abdominal injuries;
- scars that appeared after surgery;
- rapid elevation of intra-abdominal pressure.
Intra-abdominal pressure of may increase due to:
- greater physical exertion;
- constipation;
- pregnancy;
- ascites;
- prolonged continuous cough;
- of voiding urination;
- development of prostate adenoma;
- prolonged crying in infants.
The majority of the disease affects men aged 20-30 years and 40-50-year-old women. Depending on the localization of the umbilical cavity, the following types of hernias are distinguished:
- suprasupressive ( located above the navel) - approximately 80% of cases;
- periapical ( located near the umbilical cavity) - occur in 18% of cases;
- undergrowth ( localized below the umbilical cavity) - are very rare, about 1-2%.
The white line of the abdomen should have a width of 1 to 3 cm, whereas with its change this figure can be equal to 10 cm, this will depend on the degree of diastase.
Symptoms of a hernia of the white line of the abdomen
Hernia of the white abdominal line symptoms, which are mostly hidden in nature, most often manifested by the appearance of convexity, accompanied by discomfort when you press it.
The main symptomatology of is the following:
- painful bulging in the midline( usually in the upper part);
- nausea, which periodically turns into vomiting;
- stretching the muscles along the midline;
- pain with sharp movements, bends, slopes;
- pain after eating;
- diarrheal disorders( belching, hiccough, heartburn).
If the condition of worsens, the symptoms increase:
- , blood can be released during defecation;
- pains increase and become intolerable;
- constantly vomits;
- if at an early stage of the disease the hernia can be corrected independently, then with complicated forms it is impossible.
An abnormal hernia of the white abdominal line occurs when the hernium contents are squeezed in the area of the hernia gates. This condition is accompanied by rapidly growing pains in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, stool retention, blood in the stool and the inability to direct protrusion.
Hernia belly: Photos before and after
How the hernia looks before and after the operation, we offer detailed photos to view.
Diagnostics
To correctly diagnose a hernia of the white line of the abdomen and subsequently appoint a treatment, a number of diagnostic measures need to be carried out. First of all, this examination by a surgeon, after consultation can be appointed :
- radiograph of the stomach and duodenum;
- Gastroscopy( EGDS, esophagogastroduodenoscopy);
- herniography is an x-ray method, which involves inserting into the abdominal cavity a special contrast agent for the purpose of examining the hernia;
- ultrasound of hernial protrusion;
- computed tomography( CT) of the abdominal organs.
For accurate diagnosis of a hernia, the radiography method is used. If the diagnosis is confirmed, a herniography can be performed - an additional radiopaque examination of the hernia.
Treatment of a hernia of the white line of the abdomen
Elimination of pathology in adults mainly occurs with the use of surgery - this is the best option for treating a hernia of the white line of the abdomen. In modern medicine surgery offers the following options for the removal of the disease:
- Plastic with special synthetic prosthesis - a special mesh made of hypoallergenic materials, which is installed to close the defect of the aponeurosis. This occurs after excision of diastase of the rectus muscles of the white abdominal line. In this case, the probability of recurrence of the disease is very small. In the future, the networks can either completely dissolve, or partially, depending on the material used. Over time, the mesh is fully implanted into the abdominal wall and fouled with tissues. Often the question of implanting synthetic prostheses is solved already during the operation, when it becomes possible to assess the condition of the patient's own abdominal muscles.
- Plastic surgery using local tissues of the patient .In this operation, the removal of the muscle diastase is combined with the suturing of the defect. According to statistics, relapses can be 40% of all cases.
- In case of infringement of the hernia of the of the white abdominal line, the operation is performed urgently and may involve a significant amount of resection.
Access to a hernia is performed in three methods, each of which has positive and negative sides, and depends on both indications and contraindications. The choice of technique for each patient is individual.
- Laparoscopic access to is performed using special instruments and video equipment through three small punctures on the abdomen.
- Preperitoneal access , like laparoscopic, is performed through small punctures with the help of special tools and video equipment without penetrating the abdominal cavity due to peeling of the peritone with a special balloon and without filling it with gas.
- Open access is performed using a cut length that corresponds to the vertical size of the protrusion.
It is also worth noting that when a hernia of the white abdominal line occurs, treatment without surgery is impossible. The bandage, to which many pin hopes, only to some extent slows the expansion of the abdominal wall defect. Wearing it prescribed only those patients who have serious contraindications to the operation:
- severe diseases - cardiovascular insufficiency, cancer, cirrhosis in the decompensation stage, etc.;
- presence of foci of infection in the body;
- pregnancy at any time;
- hernia non-control.
Taking painkillers in the form of tablets, which is a way to relieve pain, can only improve the condition for a short while, but it will not get rid of the problem. Therefore, if there are no contraindications, one of the above operations for the restoration of the white line is performed.
Cost of operation
The cost of surgery to remove a hernia of the white abdominal line depends on the size of the hernia and its features, the presence or absence of complications, diagnostic methods and surgical intervention, selected materials, qualifications of specialists and a number of other factors.
In Moscow, for example, hernia repair of the white abdominal line in the private clinic costs from 25,000 rubles .
Diet
A special diet will not eliminate hernial protrusion, but to some extent reduce the rate of progression of the disease, and reduce the chances of development of the infringement. Should restrict or exclude from the diet such products :
- asparagus;
- beans;
- peas;
- nuts;
- chocolate;
- tomatoes;
- butter;
- fried and spicy dishes;
- harmful food: chips, canned food, semi-finished products;
- products that cause you bloating.
There is a need in small portions, but often. The last meal should be planned at least 3 hours before bedtime.
Forecast
With the timely and rational treatment of a herniated white belly line, the outlook is favorable. The probability of recurrence of a hernia is determined by the method of hernioplasty and the way of life that the patient adheres to after the operation.