Myocardial infarction is a lesion of the cardiac muscle tissue as a result of a violation of its blood supply due to the plugging of an atherosclerotic plaque in one of the heart arteries. The affected area as a result of necrosis of the heart tissue dies off, the cells begin to die after 20-40 minutes after the blood supply ceases. Let's talk about myocardial infarction in men and women, its symptoms, the first signs, the provision of medical care and treatment.
First signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction is easily confused with other diseases, for example:
- Gastritis with abdominal pain, swelling, weakness, low pressure, tachycardia. An electrocardiogram will help to clarify.
- Asthma, in which a person begins to suffocate. He is given breathing drugs, but it does not get any easier.
- Cerebral palsy resembling stroke. There is confusion of consciousness and speech.
- Infarction without pain, common in diabetic patients. Shortness of breath and fatigue - the only sign with this.
- In 10% of patients, the so-called "angina of tension" is observed. Pain occurs only when walking. Often such patients themselves come to the hospital, ECG registers their symptoms, the first signs of a heart attack.
The following video will also tell about the symptoms of myocardial infarction and its features:
In women
The signs of myocardial infarction in women differ slightly from the male attack. Pain during a heart attack in women is localized at the top of the abdomen, jaw, back, neck.
The seizure strongly resembles heartburn. In most cases, a woman first has weakness and nausea, and only then pain. This symptomatology is often ignored by a woman, which often leads to death. Therefore, it is better to call an ambulance in such cases to save life.
In men,
Unlike the female half, in men the symptoms of myocardial infarction are as follows:
- chest pain;
- frequent breathing with interruptions;
- heart palpitations without a clear rhythm;
- weakness of the pulse;
- loss of consciousness, fainting;
- weakness;
- cold, sticky sweat;
- nausea, vomiting;
- pallor of the facial skin.
Myocardial infarction with atypical symptoms can cause difficulties for the doctor when diagnosing. Especially dangerous for human life, when the manifestation of a heart attack is accompanied by a variety of options for various diseases. Such cases are unfavorable and usually result in the death of the patient.
For prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, our readers advise the drug "NORMALIFE".This is a natural remedy that affects the cause of the disease, completely preventing the risk of getting a heart attack or stroke. NORMALIFE has no contraindications and begins to act within a few hours after its use. The effectiveness and safety of the drug has been repeatedly proven by clinical studies and long-term therapeutic experience.
The opinion of doctors. .. & gt; & gt;
Next, we'll talk about what to do with a heart attack( first aid at home).
First aid
Before the arrival of the ambulance
The main goal of the first aid is to restore the necessary and maintenance of the blood supply to the affected area of the heart muscle. The health and life of the patient depends entirely on the timely measures taken before coming to the hospital.
So, here is the algorithm of actions( first aid) with myocardial infarction:
- Patient to lay, raising his head. If he has low blood pressure and a weak pulse, he is pale, it is better to lay the patient with a low position of the head. In case of dyspnea, the patient should be seated with legs raised.
- Unlike an attack of angina, Nitroglycerin does not help to eliminate pain. Especially at low pressure and a weak pulse, this medicine is better not to give. But with a shortness of breath, Nitroglycerin tablet is better to give - it will reduce shortness of breath.
- Measure the pressure.
- If there is no allergy, the patient should be chewed( just chew) 300 mg( half a tablet) of Aspirin.
- To calm the patient, you can give Valocordin.
On what will be the first help of a nurse and a doctor with acute myocardial infarction, read on.
The following video will tell you in more detail about the features of first aid in case of myocardial infarction before the ambulance arrives:
Upon her arrival
If the patient's transportation period takes more than half an hour, ambulance doctors begin to introduce all the necessary drugs. First aid for a patient with a sharp attack of myocardial infarction within 72 hours of the initial signs of the disease prescribes such medicines:
- Thrombolytic( antitrobocytic) in the form of salicylic acid 150-300 mg inside or intravenously. It can be Tiklid and 0.25 g twice a day;
- Anticoagulants in the form of Heparin or Fraksiparin;
- Nitroglycerin is administered intravenously in this way: an isotonic solution of NaCl is added to a 1% solution ampoule to obtain a 0.01% solution. Enter drip( 25mkg / 1 minute - 1ml of 1% solution for 4 minutes).
- Beta adrenoblockers, such as Anaprilin 10-40 mg 3 times a day or Vasocardin 50-100 mg 3 times a day or Atenolol 50-100 mg 3 times a day.
- Inhibitor - Kapoten 12.5-50 mg 3 times a day.
Patients with myocardial infarction are transported to the intensive care unit or to the intensive care unit.
There are such combinations of medical preparations that are used in the pain syndrome of acute myocardial infarction. These include:
- Neuroleptanalgesia with a characteristic analgesic m antishock effect. Combined injection of 1-2 ml of 0.005% solution of Fentanyl and 2-4 ml of 0.25% solution of Droperidol is used. Instead of the first drug, 1-2ml of 1% morphine hydrochloride solution, 1-2ml of 1% solution of promedol and the same omnopon can be used.
- The combination of such narcotic analgesics as 1-2ml of 1% morphine hydrochloride solution and the same amount of promedol, small tranquilizers( for example, Seduxen 2-4ml) and antihistamine preparations( eg 1-2ml of 1% solution of Diphenhydramine);
- Anesthesia from a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide, which is often used by ambulance teams.
In acute myocardial infarction, all drugs should be administered intravenously slowly. First they are bred in 5-10ml isotonic NaCl solution or 5% glucose solution. To completely stop pain in the chest, often re-injected analgesics. After eliminating the pain, the next goal of medical assistance is the elimination of all sorts of complications, such as cardiac asthma, rhythm disturbance, cardiogenic shock. With myocardial infarction without complications, prescribe medications that limit the area of dead tissue. These are nitrates, beta- blockers and thrombolytics.
Therapeutic practice in the treatment of myocardial infarction depends entirely on the patient's condition, concomitant diseases, age and many other factors. About self-treatment there should be no question, the treatment should be conducted only by a highly qualified doctor. With a positive result after treatment, it is important to go through all the stages of rehabilitation after ailment and keep to a diet.
The following video also contains recommendations for first aid in case of an infarction, and also contains useful information about such an ailment: