Characteristics of sphenoiditis and therapeutic actions

1 Types of

According to the prevalence of adult patients, one- and two-sided sphenoiditis is distinguished, the latter of which occurs in 70 cases out of 100. According to the nature of the disease, acute sphenoiditis and chronic are distinguished. In clinical form - productive( polypous-purulent, polypous) and exudative( purulent, serous and catarrhal).

In acute development of the disease, the inflammatory process is isolated or with a complication that can spread to other organs: the brain, the optic nerve, the eye area, the cells of the latticed labyrinth, etc.

Chronic form develops

• with improper treatment;
• due to impairment of outflow of pus and mucus from the sphenoid sinus;
• in case of bone damage due to other diseases( tumors, venereal diseases or tuberculosis).

2 Causes of pathology

So, what is sphenoiditis and what are its causes? This disease develops as a result of:

• damage to deep sinuses by fungus, aerobic bacteria;
• allergic reactions;
• ARI, sore throat, caries, or influenza.

Conditions associated with the development of bacterial sphenoiditis:

• narrowing or lack of an excretory passage of the sinus, which leads to the formation of carbon dioxide in it;
• development of cysts or outgrowths covering the outflow holes;
• curvature of the nasal septum;
• presence of foreign body;
• modification of the deep sinus( the presence of unnecessary partitions, coils, changes in sinus size);Benign or malignant tumors.

Often in practice, the basis for the development of sphenoiditis is several causes at once. It is important to identify them in time, then treatment, as a rule, is successful.

3 Complaints during the development of the disease and diagnosis of

Often, sphenoiditis appears asymptomatically. After the diagnosis of sphenoiditis is diagnosed, the doctor prescribes the symptoms and treatment.

Possible symptoms:

• persistent aching headache, including in the nape of the neck, which can not be treated with pain medication;
• headaches, accompanied by feelings of "pulling" or "pressing" eyeballs;
• is a specific odor from the nose that only the patient feels;
• increased pain in the sun or in a room with increased air temperature;
• mucus and pus on the far wall of the pharynx;
• signs of dyslexia or vision and smell disorders;
• temperature increase;
• general malaise.

Due to the deep sinus location, diagnosis at the physical level is not possible. Blood and urine tests do not provide detailed information. X-ray and MRI pathology does not reveal. Computed tomography in several projections diagnoses the disease with 100% probability. To exclude sphenoiditis, the symptoms of its manifestation are important to know for all patients suffering from a headache. They all also need to prescribe a CT scan. When diagnosed, doctors are interested in the duration of symptoms. Be sure to assign monitoring for glucose.

The doctor-otolaryngologist can appoint or nominate consultation of the neuropathologist and the endocrinologist.

Treatment of sphenoiditis is aimed at restoring the patency of the affected sinus, draining and removing pathological discharge, stimulating the restoration of natural processes. Tactics are determined on the basis of the result of the diagnosis, taking into account the clinical form of the disease.

In case of pain symptoms, characteristic secretions, ineffective conservative treatment, and also in case of presence of complications, the patient is placed in a hospital.

Timely treatment almost always leads to recovery. When sphenoiditis is diagnosed, medication treatment consists in prescribing antibiotics, vasoconstrictors and other drugs and should be accompanied by elimination of the root cause of the disease. The chronic form requires the surgeon's intervention.

4 Surgical intervention

Conventional surgery consists in penetrating the deep sinus by opening after removal of the nasal shell and part of the wall of the nose or trellis labyrinth. With the development of technology such operations are possible without extensive trauma and subsequent complications. This is possible thanks to the use of micro-tools and endoscopes.

The operation with the help of an endoscope for a duration takes only 15-20 minutes and is carried out under the influence of local anesthesia. With the help of an endoscope, you can easily reach the sphenoid sinus, during surgery you can expand or align the septum. After the operation, under direct supervision of the doctor, the patient remains for 1-2 days.

5 Treatment with medications

Treatment, which is aimed at eliminating edema of the mucous membranes, consists in placing a bandage moistened with epinephrine in the nose for 15-20 minutes.

Assignment of vasoconstrictive drugs( decongestants) occurs according to the following scheme: first prescribe drugs of facilitated action( Dimethinden, Ephedrine), to strengthen the effect appoint Otrivin, Vibrocil, Naphthysine, Xylometazoline, Tysin, Galazolin, etc.

Drugs of a wide range of effects - antibiotics: Roxithromycin, Amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid, Cefotaxime, Cephaloridine, Cefazolin, etc.

Targeted agents are prescribed after receiving the results of inoculation. They include Clarithromycin and Cefaxon. After treatment should be mandatory washing of the sinuses with a warm 0.9% solution of sodium chloride and the use of Dolphin or Rhinolife.

6 Folk methods to combat the problem of

Folk remedies are less effective than the drug option and are only used after consultation with a doctor.

1. In a narrow bag of linen cloth, insert a steeply welded millet porridge, or salt, or sand. In warmed-up form, put a bag on your face before the contents cool.
2. Pour 1 teaspoon into a saucepan.mother-and-stepmother, eucalyptus, motherwort, pour 0.45 liters of boiling water, insist under a closed lid for about 20 minutes. Strain the formula and drink 2 tablespoons.l.3 times a day in a warm form. The same hot broth is poured into a heating pad for 1/10 volume, breathe with the nose and mouth with the formed steam for 3-5 minutes. The procedure is carried out 2 times a day.
3. One drop of calanchoe juice 2 times a day.
4. Rinse the mouth with olive oil 3 times a day for 10 minutes. The course of treatment is 10 days.
5. Purity in the form of juice for 1-2 drops first in one nostril, after 2-5 minutes - in another. The procedure is repeated 2-3 times a day.
6. The bulb is peeled, grated, squeezed through a 2-ply gauze. At the same time, potatoes are boiled in a uniform. Above the steam breathe before sweating. After this, they lie on a flat surface and dig in 2 drops of onion juice into each nostril. It is necessary to be patient for 3-5 minutes, since the juice causes a burning sensation.
7. In boiling water pour alcohol adjustment propolis, breathe steam.
8. Before going out to frosty air, cotton wool impregnated with pepper tincture bought at the pharmacy is placed in the nose.
9. In equal parts, mix the tincture of valerian and ammonia. The cotton wool soaked in this mixture is used for rubbing the sinuses of the nose. Before the procedure, it is necessary to check the effect of the mixture on the skin area.
10. 5-6 times a day to lubricate the bridge of the nose, forehead, the area above the sinuses balsam "Golden star".

Subject to the full treatment, compliance with the doctor's recommendations, correction of the nasal sinus condition, the prognosis is favorable.

Possible complications in the absence of treatment:

• purulent inflammation of the nerves of the eye sinuses;
• brain damage;
• meningitis;
• blindness;
• neurological complications in the form of impaired memory, sleep, loss of appetite;
• impaired glucose tolerance.

7 Preventive measures

There are no actions aimed directly at eliminating the causes of sphenoiditis, but there are general recommendations. They are as follows:

• total body hardening;
• systematic visit to a doctor for routine research;
• increased immunity;
• physical education, active recreation in clean air;
• taking vitamins and trace elements;
• periodic visits to dentists for the timely detection of tooth decay.

This includes treating the underlying disease( influenza, acute respiratory disease, scarlet fever, dental lesions, etc.) and eliminating the signs that contribute to the development of the disease( pathologies in the nasal region: curvature of the septum, congenital or acquired absence of holes, adhesions, etc.).