One of the most common infections of the human body with worms is enterobiosis. Parasitic pinworms are located in the intestine. In most cases, they affect the child's body, but there are times when the disease affects an adult.
As soon as the first symptoms of helminthic invasion are manifested, it is necessary to undergo an examination for enterobiasis immediately. If you do not contact the clinic, complications may occur. With massive infection, larvae can get:
- In the genitals, then there will be a disease - vaginitis;
- In the appendix, after which you have to do the operation;
- In the gallbladder, after which there may be cholecystitis.
Many patients do not know how to spot pinworms, which is why you should consult an expert at enterobiasis. In this case, you should pay attention to any changes that occur in the patient's body.
Diagnosis of enterobiasis
After the person has addressed in an out-patient department, the doctor should understand on what analyzes and researches to send the patient. Diagnosis of enterobiasis is carried out if the patient has:
- Nausea;
- Emetic reflex;
- Allergic manifestations;
- Perianal itching;
- Infection in the urinary tract;
- Weight loss;
- Increased eosinophil level;
- Women develop vulvovaginitis.
First of all, when examining enterobiosis, the doctor makes an anamnesis after hearing the patient's complaints. It is also necessary to understand how long the first signs of the disease appeared. This is necessary in order to confirm the diagnosis of enterobiasis and to understand at what stage the worm infestation is. During the interview, the doctor asks if there are similar symptoms from other family members. It is best to pass the examination to parents and their children, since helminth eggs spread rapidly throughout the house. It is important to talk about observing the rules of personal hygiene, since helminths most often appear due to unwashed hands.
After the survey, for the diagnosis of enterobiasis it is necessary to undergo microscopic examination of stool. Often, adults are excreted by the body with feces, so the diagnosis will allow you to see the helminth.
Because there is no possibility of finding out if there are pinworms for one analysis of feces, additional methods for diagnosing enterobiasis are used. Obligatory procedure for the search for eggs is scraping. Eggs of pinworms can be found in perianal folds. It is best to scrape off early in the morning, before the defecation was made. Women before the procedure should not conduct personal hygiene activities.
Laboratory diagnostics of enterobiasis
When an organism is damaged by worms, a specialist must diagnose enterobiasis with one of the known methods of examination, and sometimes one has to take analyzes in several ways. The most common ways to search for worms are:
- Perianal imprint on adhesive tape. Eggs of helminths located in the perial folds fall on the adhesive tape after touching. After that, the lab technician examines the tape under a microscope;
- The Rabinovich method. Check for enterobiasis is carried out with the help of the sticky surface of the eye blades. The essence of the method is identical to that of adhesive tape;
- Perianal scraping according to Torgushin. With the help of a cotton swab, the perianal folds are washed off, after which the contents of the tampon are shaken to the glass;
- Soskob on Kevorkova. Examination for enterobiosis is carried out in the same way as during the scrapes according to Torgushin.
The two latter survey methods are less effective, but labor intensive. That is why they are practically not used. Since it is possible to understand that pinworms are present in the body in other ways, some specialists send patients for the urine test. Future helminths enter the urine mechanically from perianal folds or through dirty hands.
Unfortunately even the definition of pinworms through scraping, can not give a complete picture. This is due to the fact that laboratory assistants indicate only the presence or absence of worms and eggs in the body. For the fastest recovery, it is useful to know how many helminths were found in the perianal folds.
To check children on enterobiasis, most medical workers use adhesive tape. Unfortunately, in most cases sowing on enterobiosis does not give a positive result. Eggs can be seen only 2 or 3 times.
Detection of enterobiasis in adults
Enterobiasis can affect not only children but also adults, so a person should know how to detect this disease.
In the adult population, the examination is performed by perianal rectal scrapings, using a match sharpened under a spatula. Sometimes use cotton wool, pre-moistened with a special solution.
After collection of tests, the swab is flushed from the tampon. To search for worms, it is necessary to place the liquid in a centrifuge and wait for precipitation. To examine the presence of eggs, the resulting precipitate is placed on the glass.
If the scissors examination was made with a spatula, its contents are scraped off onto the glass, which is placed under the microscope. It should be remembered that eggs may not be on the human body if the parasite has not reached sexuality.
It is recommended to undergo examination within 3 days, then the diagnostic result will be high. Most often, the tests are given with an interval of several days. After the examination, the specialist will be able to prescribe the appropriate treatment.
Examination for enterobiasis of children
Depending on what symptoms are manifested, parents conduct their children to a certain doctor. Most often, babies become patients of the following specialists:
- Pediatrician;
- of the Urologist;
- Surgeon;
- Neurologist;
- Infectionist.
Every parent should know how to detect enterobiasis. Sometimes it is enough to inspect the folds of the skin around the anus or feces. If you did not manage to notice the parasites yourself, but there are clear signs of enterobiasis, you need to go to the clinic.
Identify adult individuals and diagnose a physician based on:
- Clinical signs;
- Epidemiological data;
- Surveys.
In most cases, doctors send young patients for examination to identify eggs. It is best to take the tests in the morning, before the child goes to the toilet and gets washed. Since you need to check pinworms in children quickly, it's best to use a sticky tape.
For the effectiveness of the examination, patients take the tests 3 times, with an interval of 2 days. Stool masses are rarely analyzed, as larvae in faeces are rare enough, and adult individuals can be seen and not armed with an eye.
It is desirable to determine the number of helminths that live in the body of the baby. This depends on the treatment and possible complications.
It is worth noting that a few years ago, doctors used the method of Himmelfarb in the survey. The essence of the diagnosis is that a patient was left for a night in the perianal area a small swab of cotton wool. Early in the morning, the swab was removed and placed in a special liquid. At the moment, this type of examination is not applied, because it is considered laborious and inefficient.