Surgeons note that forty cell doubling lead to death guaranteed. This allows you to calculate the life of the patient. High mortality in the detection of cancer due to the defeat of internal organs. If this disease is detected, it is considered that the patient has already lived ¾ of the term.
Metastases inside the gland
Most tumors are due to the origin of the cells of their own organ. However, there are metastases in the pancreas from the border organs( prostate, breast, lung, ovaries, hepatoma, melanoma).Differential diagnosis is difficult because it shows signs that are identical to organ neoplasias. This increases the detection time, leads to inoperability, reduces the survival rate.
Metastases from the pancreas outside
Much more often than the previous case, pancreatic cancer with metastases from it occurs. In this case neighboring organs, nerves, vessels, lymph nodes are affected. Moreover, there are close( at medium terms) and distant foci( late diagnosis, 3 - 4 stage of cancer).According to the latest studies of cancer centers in the last stage there is a fourth generation of affected cells, and the tumor develops twenty years. Long-term foci are present in 70% of patients with resectable cancer.
Without leaving the organ, the tumor forms metastases in regional lymph nodes in 2/3 of the patients. Even, the early( clinical aspect) of pancreatic oncology are late biologically. The smallest in the history of surgery of a new type of this type contained a billion cells( which corresponds to thirty doublings).
A cyber-knife, which is a system of radiosurgery of a stereotaxic type, was invented to fight metastases. Advantage is the absence of a cut( the operation is performed by directed energy pulses), anesthesia, pain, rigid fixation, rapid recovery.
When all types of pancreatic treatment cease to be effective, use palliative, designed to increase the comfortable living of the remaining period. Use alcoholization of the tumor of the gland( necrosis is achieved by the introduction of alcohol), cryodestruction. Remote foci appeared in half of patients undergoing resection, recurrences of a pancreatic tumor were present in the second half. Chemotherapy is designed to regress neoplasm after surgery.
Metastases in the pancreas: symptoms
It is known that in the early stages of its development in pancreatic cancer there are no pronounced manifestations. At the first time, the symptoms of this disease have a number of similarities with the signs of other diseases of the digestive system. Only after a sufficiently long period of time, the symptoms of cancer become more pronounced and specific.
The presence of cancerous metastases in the pancreas may be indicated by the following symptoms:
- abdominal pain that may occur due to compression of the nerves by a progressive tumor. Pain can become worse with time, especially at night. Pain sensations more often aching or pulling, give back;
- lack of appetite or a feeling of disgust for fatty foods;
- a sharp decrease in weight, which is the result of a decrease in appetite, an increase in the level of metabolism against the background of cancer and a digestive process that results from the squeezing of the excretory duct of the pancreas, which is accompanied by the appearance of a deficiency of enzymes. Processes of splitting and assimilation of food are violated;
- general weakness, fever, nausea, fatigue, vomiting. Such digestive disorders, like nausea and vomiting, can be a consequence of squeezing the stomach and duodenum. Often patients experience diarrhea;
- jaundice, accompanied by pruritus. Occurs because of a blockage of the bile duct when it is transported with a tumor. As a result: the skin of the patient becomes a yellow-green hue and itches;
- hydrocephalus, characterized by the accumulation of a large amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity;
- disrupts the normal functioning of the kidneys, lungs and liver, which arises from the spread of metastases in the abdominal cavity, other organs and tissues. So-called metastases, or tumor cells, get into another organ, attach to its tissue and begin to intensively divide, which entails further changes in the structure of the organ.
Metastases in the pancreas: the
prognosis With the presence of metastases in the pancreas, the forecast of specialists is disappointing. Operative intervention in 10-15% of cases ends in a lethal outcome. As for the five-year survival rate among patients with cancer, it is 5-8%.The statistics show that 90% of patients with this diagnosis are able to live after its establishment is still only a year. However, there is evidence that those who successfully transferred the operation, continue to live and live much longer than the projected time.