With such a disease of the digestive system as Crohn's disease, the pathological process occurs mostly in the intestines, affecting the nonspecific immune inflammation of the rectum wall. It appears on them with leukocyte infiltration, as a result of which the formation of deep ulcers, abscesses and fistulas occurs in the mucous membrane, which, when healing, is scarred, thereby narrowing the lumen.
The reasons that are capable of triggering the development of this pathology are, until now, completely unknown, and one can only say unequivocally that with such a disease of the direct intestine as Crohn's disease, antibodies to its cells and tissues begin to form in the body of the patient in large numbers. Predisposing factors contributing to the emergence of the pathological process are considered to be susceptibility to harmful habits and heredity.
To properly diagnose Crohn's disease that occurs in the rectum, studies such as sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy are required, during which a biopsy for histological examination will be performed. This will help to establish the exact diagnosis with the greatest accuracy. Also used are such methods as irrigoscopy, coprologic examination and ultrasound of the abdominal cavity.
Complications of Crohn's disease of the rectum
This inflammatory pathology of the digestive tract is characterized by multiple complications that can develop on any part of the mucosa. So, in the case where the localization of the pathological process is in the rectum, Crohn's disease will be accompanied by complications such as:
- The pronounced puffiness of the mucosa causes a blockage that occurs mainly due to the pathological thickening of the walls. With the development of pathology, thus, urgent surgical intervention is required;
- Crohn's disease causes the development of a large number of ulcers on the rectal mucosa, including the area related to the anus;
- If the deeper part of the digestive organ shell is affected, fistulas develop. These are abnormal canals by which the intestinal cavity is connected to other internal organs or skin. With Crohn's disease of the rectum, anal fistulas are most common.
There is a drug risk associated with this disease caused by medical drugs that suppress the activity of the immune system. Because of it there is a big risk of development with long-term treatment of such types of oncology, as skin cancer or lymphoma.
Methods for treating Crohn's intestinal disease
Most patients with this inflammatory pathology eventually have to resort to surgery, although it does not give a full guarantee of the cure for this disease. Even after the operation performed with Crohn's disease on the rectum, problems with abscesses and fistulas remain, moving to other areas of the digestive organ.
Surgical intervention is useful in this disease in order to correct occlusion and relieve severe symptoms. The main surgical methods used for Crohn's disease of the rectum will be the following: proctokolectomy, resection and anastomosis, stricturoplasty.
Also in this pathology, such surgical procedures are carried out, which are aimed at the drainage of abscesses and the treatment of fistulas in the case when the drug therapy is useless. With the help of the performed operation, it becomes possible to control excessive bleeding. In the case of a surgical procedure, resection of the majority of patients should expect an active relapse within the next 5 years.