To study the peculiarities of the digestive system, the FGDS is used. The procedure is one of the most informative, as it makes it possible to study the condition of the patient's mucosa.
What is EGDF?
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is an endoscopic method for examining the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
The first gastroscopy was invented in 1809.It consisted of mirrors, a fixed tube. But to see through it could only be a small part of the esophagus. In 1853, they began to use an alcohol lamp for more detailed study, but often it became the cause of burns.
Only in 1945 began the full-fledged production of flexible endoscopes with magnifying lenses. Today, the study is conducted using an optical-mechanical lighting device with the presence of a video camera at the end. Such equipment is useful not only for diagnosis, but also for treatment.
The method makes it possible to remove a foreign body, benign formations or inject a medicine.
Indications for the
study The study with an endoscope can be administered with the appearance of such complaints as:
- not passing attacks of heartburn,
- emergence of burp,
- tenderness in the epigastric region,
- nausea,
- problems with defecation.
A doctor may prescribe a procedure if there is a suspicion of esophageal stenosis, gastritis and peptic ulcer. Endoscopic examination with indications is combined with chemical coagulation, stopping bleeding, removing polyps.
Conduction of EGF can be caused by the development of anemia or rapid loss of body weight. If there is a lack of appetite for a long time, the doctor can also prescribe a procedure.
It is urgently performed when there is vomiting with an admixture of blood and if there is a suspicion of a foreign body.
Contraindications
Absolute contraindications are:
- decrease in blood clotting,
- infarction,
- stroke,
- exacerbation of bronchial asthma,
- mental disorders,
- high degree of narrowing of the esophagus,
- enlargement of the thyroid.
In pregnancy, this method is used only in one case, if other less traumatic ways to obtain information on the condition of the mucosa is not possible.
There are risks of carrying the fetus and carrying out the procedure, since it is possible to stimulate the smooth muscles, which causes a rise in the tone of the uterus.
Preparing the patient for fibroadastroduodenoscopy
At the preparatory stage, the doctor conducts a conversation about the forthcoming study. The person signs the consent to the procedure and receives instructions. EGF is conducted in the morning on an empty stomach.
Because of this in the evening should be discarded:
- any alcoholic beverages,
- chocolate,
- seeds and nuts,
- spicy food,
- bakery products.
It's best to have a chicken or cottage cheese. It is allowed on the day of the procedure to brush your teeth, make ultrasound, drink medications that can be absorbed, and drink water.
At the FGDU, wear loose clothing that is easily unbuttoned. Do not use perfume or colognes.
How is the procedure performed?
The average duration of the study is 5-15 minutes. If during the diagnosis it is decided to conduct more and therapeutic manipulations, then the time can be increased. For more detailed study, the doctor makes video and photographs.
First, the question of what kind of anesthesia to use is being decided. Most often used local, because it is one of the most affordable and does not require the use of additional equipment.
Local anesthesia is not prescribed, if there is a tendency to allergic reactions, the procedure should be performed for more than 20 minutes. It is contraindicated even with bleeding or with a perforated ulcer.
General short-term anesthesia is suitable for patients who refuse a procedure or are very afraid of pain. Such a method is good when simultaneous stitching of ulcers, coagulation of vessels or removal of tumors is prescribed.
The procedure is as follows:
- The patient is placed on the left side with knees bent at the knees. An anesthetic is poured into the mouth of the doctor. Then insert a special mouthpiece. His main goal is to protect his teeth from injury.
- After a few minutes, the specialist inserts the probe into the esophagus. To get an objective picture, the folds are straightened by air injection. Consistently studied all sites.
- After completing the procedure, the doctor asks to detain air to extract the probe. If the study was conducted under local anesthesia, the patient immediately receives an opinion and leaves home.
Decoding of the results
During the research, much attention is paid to the anatomical structure of the organs, as well as the state of the mucous membranes. The method makes it possible to establish the presence of reflux, erosions, ulcers, polyps.
As a result of the study, the diagnosis can also be made. Among the most popular - peptic ulcer, polyps, gastritis, colitis, cholecystitis, stenosis of the esophagus and some others. The doctor determines the permeability of the esophagus, changes in the mucosa, as well as the presence of hernia of the esophageal opening.
Possible complications of
The picture may turn out to be inaccurate if there are pieces of undigested food in the digestive tract. In this case, the procedure is repeated. Immediately after the EGD,
- may appear discomfort, caused by air bloating.
- slight soreness,
- slight nausea,
- bleeding from the vessels.
Get medical attention immediately if the body temperature rises above the 38-degree mark the next day, severe and severe abdominal pains appear, the diarrhea becomes black. In all these cases, do not ignore the symptoms and self-medicate. If possible, consult a doctor immediately.
Despite the risk of complications, EGD is one of the easiest ways to determine the presence of problems in the digestive tract, to put the right diagnosis.
The doctor can immediately prescribe additional tests. These include ultrasound, blood tests for clotting and biochemistry.
In conclusion, we note that people often postpone the procedure due to unpleasant sensations in the process. But sometimes, in the presence of chronic diseases, this diagnostic measure is appointed several times a year. The main thing is to follow the doctor's recommendations and follow your breathing during the examination.
Fibrogastroduodenoscopy video: