Intracranial pressure in adults is a condition that is characterized by too high a pressure of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull. In the ordinary state, the brain, its blood vessels and the cerebrospinal fluid function stably and create a peculiar balance. If any of these components increases in size, it leads to the infringement of others, since the size of the skull remains the same. As a result, intracranial pressure also increases.
The main causes and signs of increased intracranial pressure in adults
The appearance of intracranial pressure in adulthood can be influenced by a wide variety of factors. These include:
- Disturbance of metabolic processes, which are accompanied by poor absorption of fluid into the blood.
- Excessive amount of fluid in the human body, which leads to an increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid.
- Spasm of blood vessels, which prevents normal circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
- Stroke
- Hypoxia of the brain.
- Meningitis.
- Hydrocephalus.
- Encephalitis.
- Migraine.
- Overweight
- Overdose of vitamin A.
- Blood flow outflow.
- Severe poisoning.
- Tumor of the brain.
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Symptoms associated with increased intracranial pressure
This pathology is characterized by a number of characteristic features. Among them:
- Headaches and a feeling of heaviness in the head - these symptoms are especially strong in adults in the morning and at night.
- Vegeto-vascular dystonia, which is accompanied by pre-fainting conditions, a decrease or increase in blood pressure, rapid heart rate, increased sweating.
- Nausea and even vomiting in the morning.
- Increased nervousness.
- High fatigue.
- Decreased potency and sexual desire.
- Meteo dependence.
- The appearance of dark circles under the eyes.
Classification of increased intracranial pressure in adults
In adults, two forms of this disease are identified - acute and chronic.
The acute condition of is most often the result of severe damage to the skull or intracranial hemorrhage that occurs as a result of a stroke or aneurysm rupture. For this condition, a sudden increase in intracranial pressure, which in some cases may even lead to death, is characteristic.
In order to normalize a person's condition, craniotomy is used in this situation. This procedure consists in removing individual sections of the skull by surgical intervention. This allows you to quickly reduce intracranial pressure.
The chronic form of of this pathology is a neurological disorder in which intracranial hypertension is observed for a long time. It can appear for no apparent reason or be the result of traumatic injury, illness, a side effect from the use of medications.
Diagnosis
The correct diagnosis can be made by such signs as a violation of the outflow of venous blood and congestion of the optic nerve disk. In addition, adults are often prescribed magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.
There is also a method that consists in introducing a special needle with a manometer into the canal of the spine. This is a rather dangerous procedure, therefore it must be carried out exclusively by a highly qualified specialist.
To diagnose this disease, a variety of studies are often prescribed. However, the main role still plays magnetic resonance and computed tomography.
Methods for measuring ICP
To measure intracranial pressure, a special catheter is inserted into the lateral ventricle of the brain - this is where the cerebrospinal fluid lies. This method of measurement is considered the most reliable.
The second method is to use a subdural screw. This device is inserted into the trepanation hole in the skull. This method makes it possible to determine the pressure in subdural space.
During this procedure, the sensor is inserted between the skull and the dural tissue. To do this, shave the hair on the head, and the skin is treated with an antiseptic. Then an incision is made and the skin is pushed aside so that it is possible to expose the skull. Finally, the sensor is inserted. This procedure is performed only in exceptional cases-for medical reasons.
Treatment of
Medical treatment of
Intracranial hypertension poses a serious danger to a patient's life. Constant pressure on the brain causes a disturbance of its stable functioning, which often causes nervous disorders and a decrease in intellectual abilities.
If significant deviations were found during the examination, then the treatment should be carried out under stationary conditions. If the cause of this pathology is a tumor, then doctors may decide to remove it. In the case of hydrocephalus, operations aimed at removing fluid are performed. If neuroinfection has been diagnosed, antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
If the disease does not pose a danger to the patient's life, symptomatic treatment is prescribed, which is aimed at normalizing his condition. In this situation, as a rule, diuretics are prescribed - they help to speed up the withdrawal of the CSF and improve its absorption. Treatment with such drugs is carried out by courses.
If the disease is repeated quite often, then these funds must be taken constantly. Also, a doctor can prescribe nootropic drugs that help improve blood circulation and brain nutrition.
Non-traditional methods of
There are effective non-medicament means that help to improve the condition of a person suffering from intracranial hypertension. These methods include:
- Special gymnastics aimed at reducing intracranial pressure. The complex of exercises is selected individually after a specialist's study of muscle tone.
- Unloading of the venous bed with the help of methods of soft manual therapy and osteopathy.
- Individually selected drinking and food regime.
These simple activities will allow you to regain good health in a relatively short time. The effect usually appears after the first week of this therapy.
Use of folk remedies
Traditional medicine recipes may be used only in the case of a chronic form of the disease or as a supplement to prescribed medications.
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Lemon juice with honey.
It is necessary to take one lemon, cut it and squeeze juice well. Add a couple of tablespoons of honey and 100 ml of water. Stir well and drink well. The course of treatment is twenty days. In ten days it is necessary to take a break.
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Plantain.
It is necessary to take three spoons of dried plantain, add 500 ml of boiling water and leave to infuse for half an hour. Take 50 g of decoction three times a day.
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Pollen with honey.
This product is used for head massage. You need to take two parts of the pollen, add one piece of honey. Stir all the ingredients and press for 72 hours in a dark place. In small portions, the mixture should be rubbed into the back of the neck, the bridge of the nose, and the back of the neck. After that, you can wrap your head with a towel. The procedure is repeated every day for a month.
When is an immediate medical intervention required?
Immediate medical attention is required for traumatic skull damage and stunning. As a result of severe bleeding it is possible to form a hematoma and provoke a jump in intracranial pressure.
Severe headache, fainting and pseudomeningitis may indicate a ruptured vascular aneurysm, which also provokes a sharp increase in intracranial pressure.
Consequences of
Although this condition does not often lead to death, chronic intracranial hypertension often causes many serious complications. Therefore, do not wait until the paralysis or cerebral hemorrhage occurs. If there is a suspicion of high intracranial pressure, you should immediately contact a specialist who will prescribe the necessary examination.
Forecast
Correctly selected treatment allows to improve the patient's condition and reduce the symptoms of the disease just a few days after the start of treatment.
Intracranial pressure in adults is a dangerous enough pathology, which can cause serious complications. To avoid this, you must carefully consider your health and comply with all medical recommendations.
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Video, which highlights the signs and methods of treatment of intracranial pressure :