According to statistics, more than 5 million people in Russia suffer from heart failure. The problem is that the disease can flow into an acute form, which without proper treatment ends in death. Is it possible to warn the OSS?Observe preventive measures and learn the rules of first aid outlined in the article below.
Acute heart failure: features of
The disease most often affects women. Depending on the age, some aspects of the disease may be different, for example, diagnosis, treatment and even reasons. Thus, in children acute heart failure is often a consequence of congenital heart disease and infectious diseases. Symptom will also be different: children refuse to eat, cry, there is practically no swelling.
Let's look further at the forms and types of acute heart failure.
The following video presentation describes the features and typology of acute heart failure:
Forms and types of
Several types of OSH stand out:
- With stagnant blood flow through the vessels:
- right ventricular form - when the stasis is located in a large circle of blood circulation;
- left ventricular - congestion in the small circle of the circulation;
- With a hypokinetic type of blood movement, it is expressed by:
- arrhythmic shock - the response to irregularities in the rhythm of the heart;
- reflex shock - the answer to strong painful sensations;
- is a true cardiogenic shock that develops if more than 40-50% of the mass of the myocardium is affected;
- Transition from chronic to acute form.
On the stroke, myocarditis and other causes of the development of acute heart failure, we will discuss further.
Causes of
Acute heart failure develops for many reasons, for example, because of:
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The opinion of doctors. .. & gt; & gt;
- Acute myocardial infarction.
- Myocarditis.
- Surgical operations on the heart.
- Use of an artificial circulation device( as a side effect).
- Deterioration of the condition in the chronic form of heart failure.
- Pathology of valves and heart chambers.
- Cardiac tamponade, when fluid accumulates between the sheets of the pericardium.
- Hypertrophy of the myocardium.
- Hypertensive crisis.
- Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery.
- Acute pulmonary disease.
- Tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias.
- Infectious infection.
- Stroke.
- Brain Injury.
- Myocardial damage due to toxic effects, for example, with alcohol abuse.
OSS can often develop after electropulse therapy due to electrical injury. Now let's talk about what signs have acute heart failure.
Symptoms of
The symptomatology depends on which ventricle the pathogenic process is in. So, with right ventricular failure, the liver increases, puffiness, jaundice of the skin, cervical veins swell, the tips of the fingers, ears, and nose and chin turn blue.
Left ventricular failure is manifested:
- severe dyspnea, up to suffocation;
- with a dry cough or with foamy sputum;
- with foam from the nose and mouth;
- orthopnoe;
- wheezing in the lungs;
There may also be pain symptoms.
Now that you already know the symptoms of acute heart failure, you should know about its diagnosis and treatment. The following video will tell all this:
Diagnosis
The disease is diagnosed beforehand when you go to a doctor. The doctor is going to anamnesis of complaints, life and family, analyzes the symptoms and its dynamics, conducts a medical examination and, when the signs coincide, puts the OSN in doubt.
To confirm the patient's diagnosis, send for additional studies:
- Biosim.an-z of blood to determine the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and sugar.
- Total anth of blood. Helps determine the presence of leukocytosis, increased sedimentation rate of erythrocytes, signs of inflammation.
- Total urine for the detection of high levels of protein, white blood cells, erythrocytes.
- ECG to detect ventricular hypertrophy, a violation in the cardiac circulation.
- Echo ECG, which helps to assess the condition of the ventricles, the presence of cardiac pathologies and disorders in his work.
- Chest X-ray to assess the size of the heart and the severity of stagnant phenomena.
- Coronary angiography for localization of coronary artery narrowing.
- MSCT with contrast. Appointed rarely due to lack of equipment, however, allows you to get accurate data on the size of the heart, the presence of defects, narrowing of blood vessels.
- MRI.The result of the study is a model of the heart with precise data on the size, pathologies.
Often patients require consultation with additional specialists, for example, the therapist.
Treatment of
Acute heart failure requires urgent measures to restore normal circulation. Already after an emergency, they begin to treat a disease that caused OCH.Emergency measures also depend on the cause of DOS, so they will be different in each case.
Therapeutic and medicamentous methods of
This method is used after the patient's condition has been normalized. The main actions are aimed at fighting excess water in the body. For this, the patient is obliged to comply with the drinking regimen and the diet prescribed by the doctor.
What preparations are indicated for acute heart failure? First of all, the patient is given painkillers, most often narcotic analgesics, sedation can also be applied if the patient behaves uneasily. Further appoint:
- Cardiac glycosides.
- Cardiotonics.
- Diuretics for the control of hypervolemia.
- Vasodilator drugs.
- Disaggregants for improving blood circulation.
Depending on the patient's condition, other medicines may be prescribed.
First Aid( PMP) for acute heart failure
Irrespective of the form of acute cardiovascular failure, emergency care primarily involves an ambulance. Further actions depend on the type of disease. So, with left ventricular OSH it is necessary:
- To give the patient a sitting position, to make sure that the legs are lowered at a right angle.
- Under the tongue give nitroglycerin.
- Ensure good ventilation in the room.
- Attach harnesses to hips.
When right ventricular DOS is important:
- Put the patient so that the torso is on the dais.
- Provide fresh air access.
- Put nitroglycerin under the tongue.
After hospitalization, the patient is given oxygen therapy and anesthesia. To reduce stagnation and eliminate manifestations of OOS, anticoagulants, diuretics and prednisolone, as well as nitrates, reduce the load on the heart muscle.
On what causes dying and symptoms has acute heart failure before a person dies, read on.
Death from OSD
OSS often results in sudden cardiac death. The first bells of this condition can be:
- Pain sensations behind the sternum or in the heart area.
- Tachycardia.
- Bradycardia.
- Cyanosis of the skin.
- Respiratory depression.
- Reduction of blood pressure.
Approximately in every 4 cases of sudden cardiac death, the patient does not feel anything. Symptoms of the condition are diverse, but most often it is characterized by:
- loss of consciousness;
- convulsions;
- dilated pupils;
Also a symptom of an impending death may be a change in breathing. So, at first it is frequent and heavy, then it becomes rare, after which it stops altogether.
Prevention of disease and recommendations
Prevention, for the most part, is aimed at people suffering from cardiovascular diseases or those at risk. Among the preventive measures are general recommendations such as:
- Regular observation by a cardiologist, passing an inspection at least 2 times a year.
- Compliance with the recommendations of a physician, including those concerning medications.
- Refusal from bad habits: alcohol, smoking, etc.
- Control over emotional state, avoidance of stressful situations.
- Body weight control.
- Control of blood pressure.
- Controlling the cholesterol level in the blood.
- Compliance with the principles of healthy eating. Decrease in the amount of fatty foods, refusal of fried, spicy and salty, nutrition from 4 times a day.etc.
Complications of
With delayed or absent treatment against the background of OSN, pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock develop.
Because of poor blood supply, other organs may suffer, which expands the list of complications with various pathologies. The most terrible complication is sudden death.
Forecast
The prognosis is variable, because everything depends on the degree of the disease, the prescribed treatment, age, lifestyle and other factors, however, negative.
For example, a lethal outcome within 2 months.occurs in 10% of patients with decompensation. At repeated hospitalization, the percentage increases to 35.
The following video provides even more useful information on the issue of acute heart failure: