Hormonal drug Prednisolone is a synthetic drug. By action on the human body is comparable to the natural hormones of the cortical layer of the adrenal glands - glucocorticoids. Has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on individual parts of the body.
In the affected foci the parameters of the inflammatory phenomenon decrease: the concentration of lymphocytes decreases, the phagocytic activity of leukocyte cells slows down, the activity of the cell enzymes responsible for the acceleration of local immune processes is inhibited. And today we will review the instructions for use, prices, analogues and reviews for Prednisolone( tablets, injections in ampoules, ointments).
Features of the drug
Description of the drug is not an occasion for self-assignment without medical supervision and advice. The drug reduces inflammation, allergic reactions, increased local immunity.
Prednisolone enhances the receptor uptake of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood released by the adrenal medulla with β-adrenergic receptors. It is one of the analogs and derivatives of Cortisone, differing from it by the dehydrated form.
Composition
Tablet Prednisolone, in addition to the main substance - Prednisolone sodium phosphate in an amount of 5 mg, contains auxiliary components to give form and convenience of dissolution in the digestive tract - calcium stearate, starch, monohydrate of milk sugar.
Solution for infusion and parenteral administration in a 1 ml ampoule detects 30 mg of the main component - Prednisolon phosphate and additional components that improve the penetration of the active substance into the affected cells through the receptor-membrane complex: propene diol, distilled water, sodium dihydrogen phosphate crystal hydrate and anhydrous soluble salt of hydrophosphonic acidsodium.
Dosage forms of Prednisolone
Prednisolone is included in three dosage forms:
- liquid - solutions for injection;
- tablet for oral use;
- soft ointment - for the treatment of local inflammatory reactions in dermatological practice.
Pharmacological action of
- In the action of Prednisolone, leukocyte activity and the functioning of histophagocytes are inhibited.
- The rate of migration of leukocytes to inflammation affected tissue decreases.
- The synthesis of interleukin-1 is decreased.
- Enzymes through the membrane of lysosomes are broken, resulting in a decrease in their concentration in the inflammatory focus.
- The action of Prednisolone increases the amount of active histamine that reduces the conductivity of substances through single-layer capillaries.
- In the cells of connective tissue, collagen protein synthesis is reduced.
- Hormone secretion by many endocrine glands is inhibited: hormone production continues, but the mechanisms of their release and transport in the hormone-protein complex decreases.
- The release of follicle-stimulating, adrenocorticotropic, thyroid-stimulating hormones secreted by adenohypophysis decreases.
- The level of hormones of the neurohypophysis remains unchanged, but the direct action of Prednisolone on the blood vessels leads to vasoconstriction.
- The level of administered Prednisolone has a directly proportional effect on the metabolism of basic organic substances.
- The level of β-endorphins produced by neuroendocrine cells of the central system remains unchanged.
- The process of formation of glucose and glycogen is enhanced, but the synthetic way of glycogenolysis is carried out by the breakdown of proteins. Due to the short-term increase in glucose level, the synthesis of the pancreas of insulin is accelerated.
- The pathway of the conversion of glucose into lipids deposited in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is carried out against the background of disintegration of the primary lipids of mast cells.
- Prednisolone enhances energy decay in the myeloid and lymphoid tissue, all types of connective tissue.
- The action on water-salt metabolism exerts a synergistic effect together with an antidiuretic hormone.
About why Prednisolone can not always be bought at a pharmacy, the following video will tell:
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The opinion of doctors. .. & gt; & gt;
Farmakodinamika
Prolonged use of prednisolone reduces the rate of growth processes in children, exacerbates the course of the pathology of Itenko-Cushing, exacerbates the course of osteoporosis. Overdose Prednisolone causes overexcitation of neurons of the brain, excluding the appearance of seizures.
Systematic use of the drug is fraught with a constantly high level of gastric hydrochloric acid and the concentration of the enzyme pepsinogen, the result of which is the development of peptic ulcer states of the digestive system. The intensity of the effect of the drug is comparable to hydrocortisone( more than 4 times) and mineralocorticoids( 60% less).
Pharmacokinetics
Prednisone in oral use is actively absorbed into the bloodstream, where its concentration reaches the upper peak after 1.5 hours after ingestion. A hormonal drug in the blood plasma is delivered to the tissues by binding to one of the plasma globulins, transcortin. Decay of the drug is carried out in the liver for 3.5 hours. The fifth part of Prednisolone is excreted in non-disintegrating form by means of excretory organs.
The maximum exposure and half-life of the drug during infusion is increased to 0.5 hours maximum and 2.5 hours half-life. The amount of unchanged hormone withdrawal is not different for oral and infusion applications. In addition to the liver, half-life is produced in other organs capable of releasing the substance: the kidneys, lungs and the small intestine.
Indications
Tablets
In tablet form Prednisolone is indicated with:
- rheumatic conditions occurring in an acute form;
- some forms of arthritis( ankylosing spondylitis, etc.);
- skin pathologies - dermatomyositis and systemic scleroderma;
- separate types of arteritis;
- acute acute bronchial asthma;
- acute allergic reaction, borderline with anaphylactic shock;
- allergic itching and allergies;
- adrenal diseases affecting the cortical layer and causing a deficiency of corticosteroids;
- blood cancer;
- hepatitis;
- insular crisis;
- for psoriasis.
Injections
In the form of injections the drug is indicated during the course of acute conditions of the body:
- thyrotoxicosis;
- attack of bronchial asthma;
- intoxication;
- adrenal and hepatic insufficiency;
- anaphylactic shock;
- cerebral edema.
Ointment
In a soft ointment form, a hormonal preparation is indicated for the acute course of skin diseases and individual inflammations of the eyeball structures.
Child abuse
Prednisolone freely moves through the hematoplacental barrier, causing developmental abnormalities in the fetus. If a woman's life is in danger, prednisolone is used, neglecting the risk of fetal growth and development. The severe conditions indicated in the list of indications in a pregnant woman are eliminated by the treating doctor in an individual dose.
And what does the instruction for the use of Prednisolone tell children? They are given the drug with extreme caution, observing the dosage of infants at the rate of not more than 0.15 mg per 1 kg of body weight. After one year and until puberty, the dose per 1 kg of body weight rises to 1 mg.
Instruction for use
The drug is not recommended for use after 3 years after its manufacture. It is used for the individual doctor's prescription.
Self-administration and uncontrolled administration of Prednisolone is not permitted. It is stored in a cool place out of the reach of children.
Side effects of
One-time use of prednisolone and low doses are rarely the cause of side effects. Sometimes there are undesirable phenomena associated with fluid retention in the body, hypertension, weakness in the muscles and a high risk of bone fractures due to developing osteoporosis.
It is not excluded the occurrence of deviations in the digestion of food, increased appetite. In some cases, excessive sweating, acne formation, insomnia, headache. Cases are described after an overdose of anaphylactic shock, glaucoma, obesity, fainting, etc.
Special instructions
Prednisolone is used as an emergency medicine during life-threatening allergic complications that threaten anaphylactic shock. The drug should be used only after the standard treatment regimen with antihistamines has not produced the desired effect.
Reviews
According to the indications of doctors, Prednisolon successfully eliminates the symptoms of severe leaks of somatic pathologies. Negative patient feedback is associated with a sharp discontinuation of the drug after long-term use and overdose, which has a wide range of side effects.
The following video presents a review of a patient taking Prednisolone and other glucocorticosteroids:
Analogues
Prednisolone has many analogues bearing the same name in the name, supplemented with a manufacturer or an auxiliary substance. Among the analogues with a different name should be noted Sherizolon, Dekortin, Medopred and others.