One of the most painful sensorimotoric disorders, known neurology, is restless legs syndrome. Disease is one of the main factors provoking chronic insomnia. All age categories of persons are subject to disruption, however, it is more often observed in elderly people. To his emergence the most inclined are women after 60 years. Differential diagnosis, despite the prevalence of the syndrome, is significantly hampered, and only 8% of all patients have a correct diagnosis.
Classification of the syndrome according to the type of manifestation
Traditionally, people of middle and old age suffer from the disorder, but restless legs syndrome in some cases is noted in children.
Violation often accompanies pregnancy, which is why a woman develops severe insomnia and psychological disorders that are incompatible with healthy bearing.
- Children's restless legs syndrome. Infringement in children is often mistakenly referred to as the so-called "pain of growth".Some clinical studies have shown that restless legs syndrome in childhood is associated with a lack of attention on the part of parents, and as a result, psychological disorders.
Other physicians believe that the disorder occurs in accordance with infantile motor hyperactivity throughout the day. The true unambiguous causes of child and adolescent deviation have not yet been established, but it is proved that this syndrome tends to progress with the years and is not liquidated on its own.
- Syndrome in pregnant women. The disorder occurs during pregnancy in 15-30% of cases. Often, it begins in the third trimester, and then the syndrome itself is eliminated during the first month of motherhood. However, it must be understood that the disorder can be directly related to problems in the body, among which iron deficiency anemia.
- Idiopathic restless leg syndrome. This form refers to the primary manifestation of the disorder. In this case, the syndrome manifests itself in the first 30 years of life and has a hereditary etiology of an autosomal dominant type.
Clinical signs are no different from the symptomatic( secondary) syndrome, however the idiopathic form is characterized by the absence of concomitant somatic and neurological diseases.
Do you know the feeling of numbness and "running" goose bumps? If these are isolated cases, which are related, for example, to the uncomfortable position of the legs, you should not worry. When this happens constantly, and the seizures are repeated, then, most likely, we can talk about the first symptoms of polyneuritis of the lower extremities.
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Causes and provoking factors of the
disorder Symptomatic syndrome is noted mainly in the middle and older age groups, arising for the following reasons:
- Iron deficiency anemia;
- Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of the second type;
- Chronic hypovitaminosis of folic acid and cyanocobalamin;
- Uremia;
- Renal and congestive heart failure;
- Parkinson's disease;
- Discogenic radiculopathy;
- Complications obtained after resection of the stomach;
- Hormonal imbalance;
- Thyroid dysfunction: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis;
- Sjogren's Syndrome;
- Obstructive pulmonary disease;
- Venous insufficiency of the legs;
- Rheumatoid arthritis;
- Diseases of blood vessels;
- Porphyrin disease;
- Cryoglobulinemia;
- Severe spinal cord injuries.
The development of the disorder is also facilitated by pregnancy, but if in addition to it no pathological factor provoked the syndrome, it is eliminated after the delivery of the woman.
Polyneuropathic causes:
- Alcoholism;
- Porphyria polyneuropathy;
- Amyloidosis.
Symptoms of the
Syndrome Symptoms of the disorder are clearly time-bound.
The disorder manifests itself in a certain daily rhythm, and the peak of the appearance of symptoms falls on the interval from 00.00 to 04.00 at night.
A person with restless legs syndrome experiences the following symptoms:
- Intensive pain in the lower limbs;
- Pains are often associated with a strong tingling sensation, burning sensation, a feeling of raspiraniya and compression, itching, cuts in the legs;
- Unpleasant sensations are localized in the ankle and calf muscles;
- Occur mainly at night;
- Symptoms begin to progress in a state of complete rest;
- Discomfort and painful phenomena tend to decrease with motor activity;
- Rhythmic movements in the legs of a neuropathic nature.
If this still works, the patient wakes up after a short time from growing symptoms, and re-immersion in sleep becomes almost impossible for him.
Differential diagnosis
Like any neurological disease, restless leg syndrome is subjected to a thorough medical examination before establishing an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostics consists of several main stages:
- Thorough examination of the patient's symptoms and an objective assessment of his family history;
- Somatic and neurological full-time examination;
- Biochemical blood test;
- Study of serum ferritin levels based on analyzes;
- Electroneuromyography;
- Polysomnographic study.
For additional data on the presence of concomitant diseases, you may need to consult a therapist and an endocrinologist.
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Treatment of restless legs syndrome
Therapeutic measures
After an adequate diagnosis and the primary cause of the disease is identified, complex treatment is prescribed.
First of all, it can be associated with the correction of deficiency in the blood of certain substances, and the reception of multivitamin complexes with the content of folic acid, magnesium and iron. In any case, how to treat this syndrome solves the attending physician.
Medication treatment
Includes various drugs:
- Tranquilizers and sleeping pills( Restoril, Ambien, Halcyon, Clonopin).Applied with mild disease;
- Antiparkinsonian drugs. To date, Mirapexom has proved to be very effective. The drug stimulates the synthesis and metabolism of dopamine, activates its receptors in the striatum.
Completely absorbed after 1-2 hours after administration and has a quick action. It is indicated for symptomatic therapy of idiopathic restless leg syndrome and Parkinson's disease. Must necessarily be prescribed by a doctor, since it has a number of contraindications and side effects;
- Anticonvulsants( Neurontin, Tegretol);
- Opiates. Injections of potent opiate-containing injections are used in especially severe cases of the syndrome. The following drugs are used: Codeine, Methadone, Oxycodone, Propoxyphene;
- Creams and ointments to relieve pain and general relaxation( Nyz, Relax, Menovazine, Nikoflex).
Physiotherapy
As stimulating measures apply:
- Endodermal electrostimulation;
- Darsonvalization of extremities;
- Magnetotherapy;
- Vibromassage;
- Acupuncture;
- Medical applications with sea mud;
- Lymphopress;
- Manual acupressure;
- Cryotherapy.
Psychotherapy
Consultations and work with a psychotherapist. It may be necessary if other common causes of the violation are not identified.
Homeopathic remedies
- Zincum Metallicum;
- Zincum C6;
- Cincum Valerianicum;
- Natrium Bromatum.
Folk remedies
- Massage with laurel oil. You can prepare the preparation by pressing 30 g of bay leaves into 100 g of vegetable oil. Treat your feet daily before bedtime;
- Rinsing with a concentrated tincture of a golden mustache;
- Phytotherapy baths for feet with the addition of nettle, sage, valerian and oregano;
- Rubbing the legs with apple cider vinegar;
- Receiving tea with lime and melissa;
- The use of hawthorn infusion;
- Contrast shower.
Therapeutic gymnastics
Includes a number of exercises:
- Mandatory load on the legs during the day. Ideally - classic sit-ups without load;
- Stretching exercises - elementary exercises for stretching the calf muscles;
- Continuous jogging or walking a long distance before going to bed;
- Classes with an exercise bike or cycling;
- Flexion and extension of the legs;
- Walking on the toes with a high knee lift.
Treatment at home
According to the recommendations of your doctor, you can do at home:
- Strengthening intellectual loads;
- Self-massage of gastrocnemius muscles and legs;Alternating cold and hot foot baths;
- Correction of nutrition and rejection of bad habits;
- Compliance with sleep hygiene.
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The most popular and effective drug is called Mirapex. In addition, it has the most democratic price.
When selecting treatment, it is better to combine it with physiotherapy and small physical tricks to "put to sleep" restless legs at night.
Some patients despair, not getting results from medical and folk treatment, then they come with a problem to the psychiatrist and find salvation precisely as a result of consultations.
Prognosis and preventive measures
Unfortunately, restless leg syndrome refers to unexplored diseases, so even with the easing of symptoms or their complete elimination, no doctor can guarantee protection from relapse.
If the primary syndrome has occurred, the patient still needs to review his lifestyle and follow certain prevention rules to avoid the progression of seizures:
- Restrict the use of caffeinated and alcoholic beverages, quit smoking;
- Adjust the diet;
- Produce regular self-massage with cooling or warming creams;
- Increase the number and intensity of physical activity during the day;
- Take warm baths with herbal decoctions and sea salt;
- Arrange for themselves sessions of aromatherapy and relaxation;
- Do yoga and meditate;
- Daily walk in the fresh air;
- Avoid psychoemotional shocks and stress;
- Observe the hygiene of sleep;
- Take multivitamin complexes.
It is necessary to follow the recommendations of a qualified specialist, normalize your lifestyle, learn to relax - and the symptoms of nightly anxiety will gradually recede.
The video is available on the features of such a pathology as restless legs syndrome: