The need to examine the stomach can occur in different situations. One of the activities of a doctor may be esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The technology makes it possible to identify some diseases, to assess the state of the departments after the surgical intervention.
What is EGDS?
This is a diagnostic method of research conducted with an endoscope consisting of a flexible tube and chamber. The device is injected through the mouth and enters the stomach.
Previously, conventional probes were used for this study, which made it difficult to obtain objective data. Today, the size of the tubes has decreased, so there is no special discomfort after examination.
At the same time, the technique is several times more accurate than the radiographic examination, if there are inflammatory processes.
Types
In the classical version, gastroscopy is performed with the introduction of a tube through the mouth.
Sometimes a transnasal study is prescribed. It does not cause nausea and vomiting, it gives an opportunity to respond to the doctor during the procedure.
One of the advantages is the ability to take food immediately after the diagnosis. During the study, only local anesthesia is used. Contraindications include only the anatomical features of the patient, which can interfere with the free movement of the endoscope through the nose.
Sometimes doctors prescribe EHDS under anesthesia. Under the influence of special preparations, the patient's consciousness completely turns off. It is compulsory for such manipulations at the reception is resuscitation. He is obliged to clarify whether a person has contraindications to various drugs that plunge into anesthesia.
Today, a procedure under general anesthesia is rarely performed, as it allows you to avoid complications, allows you to monitor the patient's condition.
Indications
EGDS allows differential diagnostics of pathologies of digestive organs and control of the treatment process at all stages. Indications for the study are:
- abdominal pain,
- heartburn and burp,
- a constant feeling of overcrowding.
The doctor prescribes a study for eating disorders, sudden weight loss, or problems related to swallowing. All these signs are evidence of serious health problems.
The method has also proved itself in the presence of pathological processes in the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.
Contraindications
It is not necessary to carry out the procedure if there is a serious condition of the patient, there are serious infectious or mental disorders. Problems can arise if there is a significant narrowing of the esophagus and with varicose veins. It is necessary to wait or postpone the procedure for exacerbation of bronchial asthma.
Other contraindications include:
- infarction,
- hemophilia,
- atherosclerosis,
- mental disorders.
Preparing the patient for esophagogastroduodenoscopy
First, the patient is consulted, on which the doctor should explain the indications and mechanism of manipulation. This is a psychological preparation.
Simultaneously, a referral is made for the delivery of necessary tests and the elimination of concomitant contraindications.
Before the procedure, the patient must:
- Maintain a diet. A special diet is prescribed for 48 hours. At this time, you need to eat easily digestible foods, drink plenty of water. You can not drink alcohol, there are fatty and fried foods.
- Clear the stomach. On the eve, you can not eat food after 7 pm, if nevertheless there are undigested particles in it, special preparations are prescribed that help to remove them from the body. The stomach must necessarily be empty, since the likelihood of developing a vomiting reflex is high.
- Pre-remove piercing from the tongue and dentures, if any.
How is the procedure performed?
First, a person is treated with a throat with local anesthesia. This allows you to reduce pain. If you need to relax the person even more, then sedatives are used.
After this, the patient is placed on the left side, inserted into the mouth a plastic mouthpiece with a hole in the middle. Through it passes a tube, directed into the stomach through the esophagus.
After a while, the patient retains a sensation of a lump in the pharynx and a swelling in the abdomen. These phenomena are temporary. If there was anesthesia, then a person can not go home until their effect is stopped.
Decoding of the results
The results of the procedure all the data are recorded in the protocol. The endoscopist who conducts the study can not diagnose. Most often, according to the results, diagnoses such as gastritis, erosion, and strengthening of the vascular pattern are made.
Norm
With normal parameters, the esophagus is freely passable, and the mucosa has a pale pink shade. Further, the cardia is diagnosed. This is the place of passage of the esophagus into the stomach. It should normally close. If this does not happen, you will need to use additional diagnostic methods.
In the stomach, the folds of the mucosa easily spread out under the influence of airflow, the pink mucosa without ulcers and tumor-like formations. The contents of the stomach are normally clear, but there may be a small amount of mucus.
Deviation
In patients with gastritis, the gastric mucosa is red, swollen with thickened folds. In the submucosal layer, hemorrhages can be seen. Another sign of this ailment is a small amount of mucus.
If there is a peptic ulcer, then the method allows to identify the ulcer crater of a conical shape. On the very edge from all sides it is surrounded by a roller. The bottom and edges of the formation are bright. They can be red, in rare cases of cyanotic color. If a hemorrhage occurs in the area of the ulcer, the bottom becomes a brown tinge.
In the presence of bleeding, there is a large accumulation of a liquid of dark or red color. When duodenogastric reflux is detected, the contents are a dark green bile.
EGDS allows to reveal and oncology. With diffuse gastric cancer, the membrane is smoothed out, acquiring a grayish white hue. If there are polyps, a clearly formed tumor with a wide base is found.
Possible complications of
One of the main disadvantages of the method is the possibility of the appearance of perforation and damage to the walls of the organs. In this situation, urgent surgical treatment may be required. There may be bleeding, but with timely detection, the risks of this complication can be reduced to a minimum.
In rare cases, the development of allergic reactions of immediate type is noted. These include urticaria, angioedema. In this case, emergency assistance is carried out according to standards and using anti-shock devices.
Price
The cost of the procedure depends on the number of necessary manipulations. If, simultaneously with the study, a biopsy or local treatment of peptic ulcer is necessary, the cost will increase. This indicator is determined by the type of clinic, the qualification of a specialist, and the method of sedation.
Reviews
Those people who underwent the procedure in the Soviet era and in modern clinics, the difference seems significant.
Today, more thin tubes are used, and methods of anesthesia can significantly reduce the risk of discomfort. Vomitive reflexes in any case persist, so be sure to conduct a study on an empty stomach. The procedure lasts from 10 minutes.
Many patients, going for the first time on the study, talk about their fear of swallowing the tube. But, as a rule, in the process of fear disappears. People point out that if saliva starts to flow, it should not be wiped with your hands, because you can disrupt the location of the endoscope. Do not let the doctors and throw your head back.
Thus, the procedure has a high diagnostic value and allows you to get as much information as possible. If necessary, the patient may be assigned an additional injection of sedatives.
Video about esophagogastroduodenoscopy: