Food poisoning is considered one of the most common reasons for seeking specialized medical care. Especially dangerous are food intoxications, accompanied by temperature rises.
The most characteristic symptoms of poisoning are nausea-vomiting reactions and painful spasms in the abdomen. If hyperthermia is added to this clinical picture, infectious disease doctors urgently recommend that they seek help immediately.
Especially dangerous are such conditions for children, in whom the body is not strong enough to simultaneously resist infection and fight the inflammatory process.
Causes of
The temperature of food intoxication is a fairly common phenomenon.
In addition, under the influence of hyperthermia, the decomposition and withdrawal of toxic compounds from the body of the poisoned is accelerating. Increased temperature leads to hypertension and the expansion of skin pores, which increases the rate of excretion of toxic substances.
That is, in an organism through hyperthermia for toxins and pathogenic microorganisms unfavorable conditions for existence are created. In addition to the temperature, food intoxication is accompanied by migraine pains, as well as cramping spasms in the stomach and intestines.
Poisonings are microbial, non-microbial and chemical.
- To date, about 30 potentially dangerous bacterial microorganisms have been identified. These include the causative agents of salmonellosis and dysentery, cholera and colicobacteriosis, botulism, etc.
- The cause of food intoxication is the imbalance of the intestinal microflora. In this case, useful microorganisms significantly weaken, and pathogenic and pathogenic, on the contrary, are activated. The organism reacts to such processes with a hyperthermic state. Therefore, in practice, it is impossible to distinguish between a specific type of intoxication only by temperature without additional studies.
The most severe among all intoxications is botulism, the cause of which is a botulinum stick, which is characterized by increased resistance, it is impossible to kill it by boiling. These bacteria can seriously affect the nervous system structure, especially in children. Botulism develops rapidly, in a few hours.
Botulism is accompanied by the presence of indefatigable vomiting, diarrhea, the patient's face seems to hang, the speech and the swallowing function are broken, there is muscle paralysis. Within five days, the patient may die, so the first signs of intoxication should be the reason for calling ambulance.
When is this dangerous?
Any food intoxication is considered dangerous and requires an immediate emergency call if:
- Continuous vomiting is observed;
- There is severe dehydration;
- Diarrhea worries, while stool frequency reaches 10 r / day, and sometimes contains spotting spots;
- Signs of neuro-systemic lesions begin, which are manifested by disorders of consciousness, convulsive attacks and tremor, respiratory disorders by dilating or contracting pupils;
- If first aid does not work, and the temperature continues to be at high levels.
Examinations for hyperthermia
Food intoxication with hyperthermia, nausea and vomiting and diarrhea is characterized by a fairly bright clinic, so the diagnosis is revealed by the signs. Laboratory diagnostics is of paramount importance and is assigned to identify the cause of intoxication.
The following tests are carried out:
- General study of urine and blood;
- Backfire of feces;
- Bakposev for detection of imbalance of intestinal microflora;
- Biochemistry of blood for determining possible violations in hepatic activity;
- Ultrasound diagnosis of abdominal organs;
- If there is a suspicion of the development of botulism, electromyography is necessary to evaluate the muscular biopotential.
What should I do?
It is strongly advised to use antipyretic drugs only if the temperature is below 38.5 ° C, because in this situation, hyperthermia performs protective functions, helping the body destroy poisoning agents.
How to act in a situation of food intoxication with hyperthermia?
- First you need to wash the stomach, forcing the victim to drink a solution of water with soda or salt in large quantities, or a weak, slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate.
- Then, after cleansing the stomach, you need to take preparations of adsorbing action like activated charcoal( for ten kilograms of the mass of the injured one tablet), Polysorb, Enterosgel, etc.
- Laxative preparations such as magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate.
- Then it is necessary to carry out enemization with saline, chamomile or calendula broth.
- Also during all activities it is necessary to provide the patient with an abundant drink. You can drink plain water, only it must be boiled beforehand. You can also use herbal decoctions with St. John's wort, calendula, chamomile, etc. And for every extra degree after all the above measures, you need to drink a liter of liquid. For example, at 38.5 ° C you need to drink at least 2 liters of water. If after a while the temperature does not fall, again drink the same amount of liquid.
Important point! Do not fight diarrhea with antidiarrhoeal drugs, since such a reaction is aimed at removing toxic substances.
In the first day the patient should limit the diet exclusively to water and herbal decoctions. On the following day, sparing medical nutrition with liquid porridges, hard boiled eggs, mashed potatoes, etc. is allowed.
Temperature at food poisoning in a child
For children, the temperature at intoxication is much more dangerous than in older patients. It is important to establish the exact cause of the pathology, which requires medical care.
Immediate intervention of medical personnel is particularly important if the injured child is less than 3 years old. Such babies are difficult to tolerate food intoxication, they are rapidly becoming dehydrated, which is more difficult to eliminate.
Children, as well as adults do not need to bring down the temperature, if it does not exceed 38.5-degree. However, in the presence of a tendency to convulsive attacks and chronic pathologies, as well as with deterioration of well-being, this rule does not work.
In the case of babies, it is helpful to knock down a fever rub. Three-year-olds and younger are recommended to wipe with ordinary water with ambient temperature. For older children, you can use a solution of water with vinegar( 1: 1) for wiping. You need to wipe the face and chest, neck and limbs, and on the forehead you can put a damp handkerchief.
Do not use medicines without medical prescription, because the baby's body is extremely exhausted with toxins, so it will be quite different to react to medications. Usually, babies are prescribed rectal suppositories with ibuprofen or paracetamol.
Use of various syrups or powdered preparations is not recommended, because they contain a variety of aromatic additives or colorants.
Like adults, babies need help in replenishing lost fluids, for which they are given a plentiful drink( water boiled 1 liter + salt dessert spoon + sugar 3 large spoons).If available, you can use the drug Regidron. For children, it is better to use starch jelly
Regardless of the age of patients, it is necessary to pay due attention to the prevention of food intoxications, ie, to monitor the cleanliness of the hands, the quality of the food and the food used to prepare it.
Prevention is considered the main measure that helps to avoid food poisoning, because, according to statistics, in 90% of cases, the cause of poisoning is the neglect of sanitary requirements and inattention to consumed foods and beverages.
Video about first aid for food poisoning: