With prolonged use of phenamine in doses that are higher than therapeutic, dependence develops, and the use itself causes narcotic euphoria and later - abstinence syndrome.
Phenamine - what kind of drug?
Phenamine is a medicine, a stimulant of the central nervous system. The market is presented in the form of flat tablets of white color, sold in pharmacies only on a strict prescription and with greater restrictions. The fact that the drug includes an active substance - amphetamine, which has long been "in high esteem" among drug addicts. There are several analogs of phenamine, and all of them are drugs with a narcotic effect.
Sometimes the phenamine in the slang of drug addicts is referred to as "the hair dryer", but, spreading in the form of a ready-made powder, the true "dryer" has little in common with the original drug. It includes, in addition to amphetamine, a number of other psychotropic substances, produced in a number of clandestine laboratories. As for phenamine, now it is used in medicine rather rarely, it was more popular in the 60s of the last century, but it was not withdrawn from production.
Mechanism of action
Why is the drug phenamine considered a drug? In its structure and pharmacological properties, this drug is close to adrenaline, it similarly affects the work of the peripheral parts of the nervous system. Phenamine is a powerful stimulant of the nervous system. This action is due to the impact on the brain stem, the ability to lead to the release of norepinephrine and dopamine.
After taking the drug, central noradrenergic and dopaminergic receptors are activated. In addition, the work of alpha, beta-adrenoreceptors is stimulated, peripheral vessels contract, blood pressure rises. The person taking phenamine dilates the pupils and relaxes the muscular walls of the bronchi. The effect of the drug is long-term, in contrast to the action of adrenaline.
If you take the drug in a therapeutic dose, then fatigue will decrease, there will come a rush of strength, cheerfulness, work efficiency will improve, the dream will be shortened somewhat. The appetite decreases, the person feels a sense of satiety faster.
Indications for use
In medicine, the drug is used as a stimulant for:
- Increased mental, physical endurance;
- Therapy of depressive conditions, complications of encephalitis;
- Decreased lethargy, apathy, drowsiness;
- Treatment of narcolepsy;
- Therapy of poisoning with sleeping pills, drugs;
- Stimulation of labor.
Prolonged use of the drug even for medical reasons is not allowed. He can only temporarily mobilize the resources of the body, but does not completely eliminate the acute need for natural rest, sleep. That's why addicts who prefer phenamine, and develop persistent side effects.
Effect from the use of
Usually, phenamine is swallowed in the form of tablets, makes them powder and smoke, and, to achieve the fastest and strongest effect, is administered intravenously. Due to the durability of the action, all effects from phenamine are quite long.
First, after a couple of minutes, the first phase of intoxication begins, or "arrival" with such sensations:
- Lightness, feeling of weightlessness of the body;
- Brightness of all colors;
- The appearance of rainbow spots in front of the eyes with sounds;
- Feeling of kindness, love, sympathy for people;
- Unusual clarity of thoughts;
- Aggravation of all feelings;
- Light chills, tingling in the skin of hands, feet;
- Increased heart rate.
The second phase of intoxication is observed after 10-20 minutes. There comes a mixed state resembling schizoaffective psychosis.
A person feels the following:
- Increased work capacity;
- Unusual climb;
- Enhanced vivacity, a burst of energy;
- Self-confidence;
- The fall in the need for food, in a dream;
- The disappearance of fatigue;
- Suppression of fear, the ability to take any risk.
Symptoms of
A drug addict using phenamine can be seen from the impossibility of being in one place, by the urge to move, to run, to do something actively. A drug addict during intoxication becomes very talkative, emotional, and gesticulates a lot. In some, the effect of phenamine will increase aggressiveness( usually with an initial inclination to this quality), they often provoke fights without reason.
Fun as a drug addict as such is absent than intoxication drastically differs from alcohol. On the contrary, the slightest incorrect statement provokes suspicion up to maniacal caution and alertness. Often dependent people follow the interlocutors in order to immediately rebuff, constantly expect negative actions and statements.
If phenamine has been injected intravenously, then drug intoxication is the strongest. Symptoms can be as follows:
- Brad, creating delusions;
- Conversation with imaginary interlocutors;
- Auditory hallucinations;
- Sometimes - the sensation that insects creep over the skin;
- No sleep;
- No need for food;
- Muscle tremors;
- Strangeness of facial expressions;
- Tachycardia, extrasystole;
- Increased blood pressure;
- Thirst, severe blanching;
To determine the phenamine drug addict, you can use extended pupils that react poorly to light. Vision is deteriorating, everything is seen as in a hazy haze. Adolescents and young people can sit down on drugs and take it regularly, as a result of which they quickly and rapidly lose weight, become pale, thin.
Dependence development
It is accepted not to refer phenamine to strong drugs, but psychological dependence at its reception all the same develops. This is due to very slow removal of the drug from the body, its accumulation and integration into the activity of specific receptors of the brain. Phenamin with time causes the development of tolerance and the need for increasing the dose.
Prolonged use provokes the development of an abstinence syndrome with such signs( lasting up to a day, in contrast to amphetamine abstinence, which lasts more than a day):
- A strong dilatation of the pupils;
- Trembling of hands, feet;
- Opened state;
- Anxiety;
- Apathy, depression;
- Unjustified cruelty;
- Embarrassment of the world;
- Inability to sleep without sleeping pills.
Side effects of
In some people, drug use can cause a number of side effects, among which most often are hallucinogenic delusions, psychoses, the phenomena of transient paranoid schizophrenia.
Other possible side effects of phenamine:
- Febrile state;
- Deceleration of development, puberty( in adolescents);
- Various local reactions in the field of injection;
- Nervous activity disorder;
- Blood pressure jumps;
- Paradoxical reactions - instead of excitation of apathy, drowsiness.
Prolonged intake of the drug is accompanied by severe fatigue, insomnia, depression. Drug addicts with a long history of possible development of diseases of the hematopoiesis, including leukemia.
Consequences of
Phenamine addiction changes the perception of the world, disrupts the ongoing reactions in the body, depletes the nervous system. With an experience of 1.5-2 years, there may already be mental disorders, with a tendency to megalomania or persecution. A person often considers himself a representative of a "higher society", and at times he acquires pronounced schizoid tendencies, he has a decrease in intellectual abilities.
The consequence of the regular use of phenamine is physical exhaustion - leanness, lethargy, pallor, which is associated with sleep disorders and poor nutrition. But the addict does not notice this, on the contrary, he believes that his weight is normal, he is completely healthy. There may even appear narcissism, when the patient admires his body, not seeing his shortcomings. Even depressions that a drug addict happens regularly are considered by him as the ability to see and feel more than all "ordinary" people.
Poisoning and overdose
If the drug is used uncontrollably, which often happens as the dependence develops, then the probability of an overdose with signs of intoxication is high.
Overdose can be accompanied by such symptoms:
- Chills, aches;
- Severe arrhythmias;
- Inability to fall asleep;
- Nausea and vomiting;
- Complete lack of appetite;
- Dry mouth;
- Headache;
- Chest pain;
- Syncope;
- Occasionally - death from cardiac arrest.
How to treat dependence
Chronic use of the drug requires special therapy in a hospital. The patient is prescribed antidepressants, ammonium chloride and other necessary medications, symptomatic therapy is performed to restore the basic functions of the body. Required courses of psychotherapy, which will help get rid of psychological dependence. Some patients will also need rehabilitation or stay in specialized sanatoria. Usually the duration of treatment is 3-6 months: only with the right approach can the recurrence of the disease be avoided in the future.