Insufficiency of aortic valve 1, 2, 3 degrees: diagnosis, treatment, symptoms

click fraud protection

Heart valves provide blood flow in one direction. Their functional functioning makes its irreplaceable contribution to the general mechanism of blood circulation.

The prevention of infectious diseases and the healing of their smoldering foci will help to avoid the acquired problems in the operation of the valves. Knowledge of the causes of pathology will add to the understanding of how to cherish the heart.

Features of the

Disease The left ventricle carries blood from the upper chamber - the atrium and is pumped into the aorta. It is a large vessel through which blood, enriched with necessary substances and oxygen, begins its journey into organs and tissues to provide their cells with food and the possibility of breathing( getting oxygen).

Blood moves in one direction. The mechanics of the operation of the system ensures the presence of valves. The aortal valve is designed to pass during the contraction of the ventricle of a portion of blood into the aorta and prevent its return.

Disturbances in the structure of the valve or its changes associated with diseases cause a malfunction in the heart during relaxation of the ventricle. This period is programmed for the passage of blood from the atrium into the cavity of the ventricle. If the aortic valve is deficient during relaxation, the ventricle also receives backward blood from the aorta.

Violation expresses itself in varying degrees. Depends on the area of ​​not closing the valves or enlarging the ventricle. Insufficiency of the aortic valve is rarely congenital. In most cases, it is acquired as a consequence of diseases.

Children who have a valve pathology from birth usually develop normally. Sometimes they have a pale color of skin. There may also be pulsation of the arteries and veins. Treatment of insufficiency of the valve, found at an early age, is the same as in adults, depends on the degree of complexity.

Forms of aortic insufficiency( scheme)

Degrees

The depth of the problem depends on how long the jet that has a return to the ventricle.

• 1-I.Promoting the flow of blood from the back of the aorta when relaxing the ventricle from the valve flaps by half a centimeter or less is attributed to a slight disruption in the valve.
• 2-I.If the reverse course of the blood stream that originated from the aorta in the ventricle, associated with a valve failure, has moved from its surface a distance of half to one centimeter, then such a disorder is considered of average complexity.
• 3-I.In the case of regurgitation from the surface of the valve to a distance greater than one centimeter, the problem is considered to be a pronounced degree of complexity.

More details about the characteristics of aortic insufficiency in an accessible form will be described by the following video:

Causes of

Aortic valve deficiency usually has the following reasons:

• The problem is mostly caused by irregularities in the structure of the valve. It can be a congenital malformation. The valve must have three shutters. There are congenital pathologies when the valve is bivalve or has a different number.
• Pathological changes in the structure of the valve can cause infectious diseases. They are able to make the deformation of the valves, their thickening or to form holes in the valve. All these factors create conditions for defective operation of the valve. To such diseases carry:
  • infective endocarditis,
  • rheumatism,
  • syphilis if it has not been treated;
  • lupus erythematosus,
  • inflammatory arthritis.
• Valve may deteriorate due to age-related wear on its parts.
• The cause of the inadequate operation of the valve, associated with the loose closing of the valves, can be genetic diseases that cause disorders of connective tissues. An example is the Marfan syndrome.
• Negative factors can cause enlargement of the aorta in its aperture. Such a disorder promotes the creation of regurgitation from the aorta, even if the valve is without pathology.
• The same effect with a normal valve causes circumstance if the walls of the ventricle are stretched. This can happen because of hypertension.

Pro symptoms and symptoms of aortic valve failure will tell you further.

Symptoms of

The disease can for a long time not signal violations. This is due to the fact that the left half of the heart is calculated from the nature to a greater load.

Over time, these symptoms may appear:

• Noticeable difference between systolic pressure( high values) and diastolic pressure( low figures).
• With physical activity and at rest: dizziness, loss of strength, the possibility of loss of consciousness, especially when changing the position of the body.
• In the heart area, painful feelings of angina or other character.
• The swinging of the head, reflecting the rhythm of the heart, is a symptom of Musset.
• Determined with aortic valve insufficiency and high heart rate, it has a leaping character.
• Pulsation of the arteries, which is noticeable visually. This affects the carotid arteries, large veins: subclavian, temporal. Sensation of pulsation in the region of the head and neck causes discomfort.
• Ripening of the palate - a symptom of Mueller.
• The patient complains that he feels like his heart beats, especially when he is lying down.
• Dyspnoea may not be associated with stress, with time, there may be signs of suffocation.
• The pulsation of the pupils - manifests itself in narrowing and widening them( the symptom of Landolphi).
• Sensation of pulsation over the projection of the liver.

Aortic valve insufficiency is subject to diagnosis, as we will discuss later.

Diagnostics

Initial examination of a specialist to make assumptions and send for examination provides:

• listening to patient complaints,
• getting information about relatives' diseases, to understand the possibility of having a genetic predisposition,
• performing a visual inspection,
• listening to the pulse, heart rhythms.

To clarify the diagnosis and fill it with detailed details, the specialist determines the methods for instrumental examination:

• Phonocardiography - will show on paper carriers the rhythms and noise in the area under investigation, including those that the doctor can not detect while listening to the patient with a stethoscope.
• Electrocardiography - will indicate whether there are signs of an increase in the left ventricle, its hypertrophy.
• Doppler study is able to give an opinion on the presence of regurgitation from the aortic valve.
• X-ray method - complements the study of the patient's condition with data on whether there are changes in the shape of the heart and what kind of plan they are.
• Echocardiography - The method provides detailed information about the changes within the studied area. Gives information about the possible flutter of the mitral valve( its valves) due to a directed jet that has arisen from regurgitation associated with abnormalities of the aortic valve.

And now let's talk about options for treating aortic valve failure of 1, 2, 3 degrees.

About what aortic insufficiency is, you can judge by the following diagnostic video data:

Treatment

Valve dysfunction, which shows itself insignificantly, does not require medical attention. They treat diseases that are capable of initiating a valve failure.

Therapeutic

The patient receives recommendations on how to behave in order not to cause an exacerbation:

• is loaded with physical work as much as possible, avoiding overloads;
• in time to visit the dentist,
• not to allow infectious diseases to not be cured and passed to the chronicle;
• to follow a diet.

If there are no contraindications, the patient can take physiotherapy procedures:

• balneotherapy,
• inductothermy,
• DMV therapy.

Medicated

In connection with the disorders that cause the aortic valve to work poorly, specialists select drugs to improve the patient's condition.

This:

• ACE inhibitors:
  • enalapril,
  • captopril;
• cardiac glycosides:
  • korglikon,
  • digoxin,
  • strophantine;
• preparations that prevent the appearance of blood clots:
  • anticoagulants,
  • antiplatelet agents;
• diuretics:
  • spironolactone,
  • dichlorothiazide,
  • furosemide.

Operation

In the event that valve disruptions cause cardiac deterioration, and medications and therapy do not help, then surgery is performed.

It can be of two types:

• aortic valve replaced with prosthesis;
• is much less likely to perform a procedure to correct valve deficiencies, which is called a plastic surgery.

Prevention of

To limit the likelihood of initiating valve failure,

• should be quenched,
• to exclude the possibility of infectious diseases that affect the health of the valve, and if not avoided, then carefully treat;
• if there are prerequisites for heart disease, annually undergo a medical examination;
• during pregnancy avoid harmful effects:
  • contact with chemicals,
  • ionizing radiation,
  • stay in places with adverse environmental conditions.

Mitral insufficiency in aortic

Regurgitation of a large aortic valve can cause a disorder in the mitral valve. This is because over time, because of the extra portion of blood that comes back from the aorta, the walls of the ventricle are stretched, and this causes a malfunction in the control of the mitral valve.

Its valves are not deformed, but due to the widening of the ring, the incorrect operation of the papillary muscles, they do not have the ability to close tightly. In this case, the pathology is significantly complicated. In the atrium is a return of the jet from the ventricle, into which also the return of a part of the blood from the aorta.

More details on what mitral insufficiency is in conjunction with the aortic will tell the following video:

Complications of

The return of a portion of blood to the ventricle gradually affects the heart chambers, causing reactions from the tissues to adapt to the pathology.

May occur:

• rhythm disturbance, one type - atrial fibrillation;
• congestion can initiate inflammation of the inner walls of the heart,
• acute myocardial infarction - some portion of the heart muscle did not receive blood flow and this led to its death. The
• ventricle as a consequence of regurgitation reduces its ability to make a push.

Some patients also had stenosis along with aortic valve failure.

Finally, read about the prognosis of life in the syndrome of aortic insufficiency, 1, 2 and 3 degrees.

Forecast

How safe is the pathology and the degree of effectiveness of treatment can be determined because:

• what disease triggered the disorder, how it can be treated;
• degree of development of the problem.

Forecasts will be as follows:

• If the disorder has acquired a severe degree of complexity, then usually from the time of diagnosis, the patient lives from five to ten years.
• If the problem caused irreversible changes in the body, expresses itself severe circulatory disorders and while the drugs do not bring relief, the patient can live no more than two years.

Intervention is capable of improving the prognosis.