Who needs vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis and when is it better to get vaccinated?

1 Medical indications for the prescription of

The causative agent of the disease is a virus that enters the blood of a child or an adult while sucking on a forest mite. To prevent the development of the disease, a vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is made. Vaccination is indicated for people who live and travel to regions with a high risk of contracting the virus( Eastern Europe, Russia, Asian countries).The maximum activity of ticks is observed in spring and summer.

Injections of imported production are used in the absence of reaction to egg white and infectious diseases, children over the year. Contraindications to the use of domestic drugs:

• allergy to food;
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• asthma;
• rheumatism;
• hepatitis;
• infection;
• epilepsy;
• age is up to 1 year.

Which vaccine is suitable for the child and when to put, the doctor decides in each case individually. In this case, the pediatrician takes into account the following criteria:

• how old the child;
• general condition of the body.

If the vaccine is done in a timely manner, then the disease will proceed in mild form and without complications. Pediatricians recommend the first inoculation in the fall( October-November), the second inoculation in the spring( March-April).You can vaccinate in the summer( before going to the mites area).In this case, the development of antibodies begins in 21-24 days. In the indicated period it is not recommended to visit habitats of ticks.

2 The names of modern drugs for the disease

For vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis, medics use various drugs:

1. EnceVir( can be supplied to adults and children over 3 years old).
2. Children's Encepur( prescribe children from 1-12 years old).
3. Adult Encepur( shown to adults).
4. FSME-IMMUN Junior( prescribe to children from 1-16 years old).

This takes into account:

• vaccination schedule;
• imported and domestic injection are interchangeable.

Drugs differ among themselves by strains of the virus, compound substances and the dose of antigen.

The vaccine can be bought at a pharmacy. The drug is sold in ampoules packed in a cardboard box. Before the injection, the vaccination scheme is determined:

1. Classical.
2. Extra.

Standard scheme:

• products of FSUE "PIPVE"( children over 3 years old) - the first injection is done on the appointed day, revaccination is carried out after 5 months;
• EnceVir( persons over 18 years of age) - the first injection is done on the appointed day, revaccination is indicated after 5 months;
• FSME-IMMUNE Encepur( persons over 16 years of age) - the first injection is made on the appointed day, the second - after 1-3 months;
• FSME-IMMUN Junior( shown to children from 1-16 years old) - the first injection on the appointed day, the second - in 1-3 months;
• child Encepur - the first injection on the appointed day, the second - after 1-3 months.

Accelerated scheme:

• COKIS - the first injection on the appointed day, the second - after 2 months;
• EnceVir - the first injection is given on the appointed day, and the second one - in 2 weeks;
• FSME-IMMUNE Encepur adult - the first dose is given on the appointed day, and the second - after 14 days;
• FSME-IMMUN Junior - the first injection is done on the appointed day, the second - after 14 days.

3 Doctors' advice

After a year, the vaccination course is repeated. Subsequent revaccination is performed every 3 years. If the child misses one revaccination, which is carried out once a year, then 1 repeated injection is given. If more than 1 planned revaccination is missed, then the vaccination course is repeated. To form a stable immunity, it is recommended to receive 2 inoculations at intervals of 14-30 days.

To get a long-lasting immune system, experts recommend 3 vaccinations( at intervals of 9-12 months).The vaccine is effective in 95%.When visiting dangerous areas, you need to protect yourself from mites with special equipment and products( cream, ointment).

The prevention methods under consideration are held all year round. If necessary, you can put inoculation against tick-borne encephalitis in 2-3 stages. Parents need to know how many years they need to inject. Pediatricians are advised to give injections to healthy children older than one year. Since 1 immunity is not formed with the help of 1 injection, therefore, revaccination is indicated. The exact timeframe for re-injection of the injection against tick-borne encephalitis is to be known from the treating pediatrician.

The vaccine used contains a "killed" insect virus. After entering the vaccine, the patient's immunity recognizes and fights the virus, which contributes to the production of antibodies. Revaccination provides a long-term preservation of the protective concentration of natural antibodies.

To assess the effectiveness of the drug used, the concentration of IgG against tick-borne encephalitis is taken into account. Protection against the virus appears 2 weeks after the injection of 2 injections. Specialists recommend vaccination before the beginning of spring. In this case, the revaccination will be performed 14 days before the risk of tick bites. The injection is done from the outside of the shoulder( subcutaneously).Contraindicated in the entry of substances into blood vessels.

4 Preparations for the

procedure Before taking a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis for children, it is necessary: ​​

• to measure body temperature;
• to inspect the skin;
• take into account the general condition of the child.

Scientists have proven that the drugs used for vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis are well tolerated. After vaccination, the child should not swim, eat red foods( if there is an allergy).After inoculation, the child may experience the following side effects:

• redness, tightness or swelling at the injection site;
• skin rash;
• a slight increase in lymph nodes.

Pediatricians include headache, high body temperature, general malaise to common side effects. Domestic and imported drugs are effective for the prevention of the virus in equal parts. This is explained by the similarity of the antigenic structure of vaccines. For the West European strain, import injection is used, for Eastern European - domestic drug.

Scientists have proven that imported vaccines have no side effects and contraindications. Before vaccination, parents should weigh the pros and cons. The experts attribute the advantages of this procedure to:

• if the virus penetrates into the body of the previously vaccinated child, then it either does not fall ill, or the pathology will proceed in mild form without complications and consequences;
• a negative reaction to vaccination is rare and not in all children, the drug is more often tolerated easily and painlessly;
• after vaccination the child can walk in the fresh air and walk into the forest.

After vaccination, the child's organism is protected from tick-borne encephalitis for 3 years. Parents should know what to do if the child is bitten by a tick without vaccination. In this case, pediatricians advise not to panic. It is first necessary to remove the insect by placing it in a container.

The tick must be examined by a laboratory technician in order to detect possible infection. Then parents should ask for help in the emergency room. Preliminary the doctor examines the child. Then a vaccine is given for tick-borne encephalitis. In such a case, the vaccination protects the child's organism relatively for a month. For 2-3 weeks, you should visit your doctor regularly. If the child's condition worsens, it is recommended to make an urgent appointment with a pediatrician.