Hemorrhagic stroke: causes, symptoms, treatment, prognosis

The modern pace of life leads to a rapid wear of the vessels. There are many serious diseases, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. With ischemic injury, the disease proceeds slowly, with timely diagnosis is successfully treated.

The defeat of the hemorrhagic plan is dangerous by its suddenness,brain tissue dies very quickly.

Hemorrhagic stroke - what is it

Stroke in Latin means "blow".

When the hemorrhagic lesions burst the vessels of the brain, which provokes a hemorrhage. The cause is high blood pressure and unevenly thin walls of the artery or veins. With the rapid movement of blood, the brain cells are damaged, the tissue is displaced.

Under the influence of pressure, blood forms a cavity in the brain tissues and fills it, puffiness appears. In the absence of emergency care, cells begin to die, a rapid fatal outcome is possible.

With this stroke, a maximum of six hours( preferably three) should be given to the patient. Otherwise, the consequences of a stroke can not be eliminated, and a person faces death or a life-long coma.

Depending on the area affected, the haemorrhagic stroke is divided into the following:

• stroke of the brainstem - such a variety leads to an instantaneous lethal outcome. Because it is the brain stem that gives the command to breathe, to move;
• peripheral - hemorrhage occurs in the thickness of brain tissue. The safest form of stroke;
• ventricular - affects the lateral ventricles;
• subarahonoidal - blood fills the space between the soft, hard and arachnoid shell of the brain.

Combined stroke is characterized by a large hemorrhage that affects several parts of the brain. Hematomas can be localized in the thalamus, subcortical nuclei, within a specific proportion of the brain.

Hemorrhagic stroke can be primary - it arises from prolonged overloads of arteries and veins due to prolonged hypertension, physical and nervous exhaustion. With secondary stroke there is a rupture of vascular deformities( aneurysms, hemangiomas).Anomalies can be congenital in nature or occur in the process of life.

Bloody tumors( intracerebral hematoma) affect people under the age of 40 years.

Important! Hemorrhagic brain damage is not a very common disease, it is much less common than ischemic. Among all the strokes, this species occupies only a fifth.

Symptoms

A sudden sharp headache is characteristic of hemorrhagic stroke. The attack ends in loss of consciousness. Need immediate medical attention.

A stroke can strike absolutely healthy people on the beach and in the workplace during a stressful situation. Thus the person falls, the head throws back. Cramps start, breathing becomes hoarse, foam may appear.

Stroke is characterized by an enlarged pupil from the hemorrhage side. The opposite eyelid and the corner of the mouth drops. The look can not focus, it is often turned to the side where the hemorrhage occurred.

Breathing becomes noisy, the skin is cold, the pulse slows down, the pressure rises.

Knowledge of the main signs of a stroke will help to provide correct first aid before the arrival of physicians.

1. When a stroke occurs, the smile becomes uneven, one half of the face loses its mobility. If the victim sticks out his tongue, his unnatural curvature will become apparent.
2. The patient is unable to raise his hands at the same time, it is difficult for them to keep them on the same level.
3. This speech becomes indistinct, because the speech device paralyzes during a stroke.

These signs are typical for any type of stroke. But with hemorrhagic lesions, all symptoms are extremely rapid.

Than one can help

The victim's first task should be laid horizontally. The head is placed on a hill, it should turn to one side. On a man should not remain shy clothes, should provide enough air( open the windows, disperse the curious).Calling doctors should be combined with emergency interventions.

Due to the suddenness of the disease, it is necessary to recognize the pre-sultural state in time, which can last for several hours and several days.

The most common symptoms are nausea and vomiting, which do not have objective causes, there is no relief.

Than still is accompanied by a condition before a stroke:

• turns and constantly has a headache;
• a constant sense of weakness;
• limbs grow numb, the skin loses sensitivity;
• the face often suddenly turns red due to a sharp rush of blood;
• pulse becomes uneven and intermittent.

Important! If you have more than one alarm, you should immediately contact a specialist for assistance. You should always remember that a stroke leads to severe consequences, coma and death.

Causes of

In addition to high blood pressure, a cerebral vascular anomaly( aneurysm) can cause a stroke. Often a stroke occurs against the background of hypertension.

Less frequent stroke occurs due to:

• atherosclerosis;
• of cerebral vasculitis is an acute disease of non-infectious origin vessels that leads to hemorrhage;
• Hemophilia, DIC-Syndrome;
• amyloid angiopathy - an ailment leads to destruction of cells and vessels of the brain. It often happens in elderly people, and in patients with Alzheimer's disease;
• overdose of drugs that dilute blood( aspirin, phenylin, curanthilt);
• changes in cerebral vessels of an inflammatory nature( encephalopathy);
• is a tumor in the brain.

The disease can develop against a background of general intoxication of the body or vitamin deficiency. Passion for fatty and meat food, bad habits, heat strokes, back and head injuries - all this can also trigger the development of the disease in the future.

Diabetics, overly fat people, patients with diseases of the spinal cord and heart problems are at risk.

Important! In almost all cases, hemorrhagic stroke is provoked by prolonged hypertension. Any hypertensive crisis can provoke the rupture of the vascular walls in the brain.

Consequences of

Consequences of hemorrhagic stroke are very difficult. If the survivor managed to survive, he will have a long recovery period and a severe disability.

The reason for this is that doctors often can not perform surgery on a damaged vessel due to its deep location in the brain. External hemorrhages located between the skull shell and the brain operate more easily. But such traumas can quickly lead to irreversible consequences even before surgical intervention.

The consequences of a stroke depend on which hemisphere has been affected. In this defeat affects the opposite side of the body. If the stroke occurred in the left hemisphere - paralysis will touch the right side, and vice versa.

Stroke hemorrhagic left side

A stroke in the left hemisphere of the brain occurs in 57% of cases of hemorrhagic stroke.

Since the left hemisphere is speech and logic, with left-sided stroke there are always problems with speech. The victim begins to talk inaudibly, often able to pronounce only a few snatches of words or sounds. At the same time, he does not take well the information he has heard.

The patient has lost the ability to write and read, loses speech memory. Paralysis affects the right side of the face and limbs.

Important! The consequences of the left-hander's attack are reversed.

Stroke hemorrhagic right side

With right-sided impact, there are no speech abnormalities. Doctors say that such an insult is more difficult to diagnose, because it has a less pronounced clinical picture.

With a right side stroke, valuable time is often lost, which leads to irreversible death of cells in the brain. As a result of this stroke, the left side of the face and body are paralyzed.

Other consequences of right-hand impact:

• disturbed sensations and perceptions - it often appears to the patient that he has many immobile limbs. Or there is alienation of the body;
• shows bright signs of amnesia, a person can not remember his actions;
• the victim incorrectly estimates the size of objects, distances, poorly oriented in space;
• lost the skills of properly dressing clothes and shoes;
• depressive states, apathy.

Coma

Often the hemorrhagic stroke ends with a coma. After a stroke, the victim's consciousness begins to get confused. Then comes numbness - the eyes are open, the pupils react to stimuli. But the patient does not see anything and does not understand. It ends with a vegetative coma, in which consciousness is absent.

Coma occurs due to extensive hemorrhage, the formation of hematomas in vital parts of the brain. Survive after a coma, few, the mortality rate is quite large.

Important! Rinsing with hydrogen peroxide is an excellent prevention against stroke. For this, 3% peroxide should be mixed in equal proportions with water. Rinse should be done for at least a minute.

Forecasts for convalescence of

With 45-75% of hemorrhages, blood breaks through the ventricles of the brain. At the same time, the patient's condition deteriorates noticeably, a coma may occur.

Every 5 survivors survive a stroke. All fatal outcomes are fixed within the first 24 hours after the stroke. If the trunk or the ventricles of the brain have suffered, the probability of death is 100%.

Also, weight gain is accompanied by bilateral pathological signs, protective reflexes. There is an increased motor restlessness of the limbs, not affected by paralysis - the patient tries to pull on the blanket, tries to hide all the time.

The victim is constantly shivering, there is a cold sweat, the temperature rises significantly. With all these symptoms, the prognosis for recovery is unfavorable.

The maximum number of fatalities falls on the first two days after the impact. The cause is the destruction of cells, swelling of the brain, squeezing vital centers in the brain stem.

A favorable outcome of a stroke is characterized by a clearing of consciousness in a few days. In this case, a manifestation of neurological defects is observed.

Consequences of a coma depend on the level of brain damage and on which centers suffered the most. But a full return to a full life is impossible. Observed are mental disorders, paralysis of individual limbs. But most often the victims are doomed to continue life only in the vegetative state.

Precisely predict the consequences of a stroke is not taken by any doctor. Medicine knows cases of recovery after extensive ular. And some of the victims die after minor hemorrhages.

But there are several general forecast criteria:

• unconscious patients, who have retained all reflexes and functions, most often survive;
• lack of consciousness and reaction to external stimuli, in which muscles retain the ability to contract, and the swallowing function is not disturbed - in such victims also the chances of surviving are quite large;
• with a coma, when all life is provided by the apparatus, the chance of survival is negligible.

Rehabilitation after hemorrhagic stroke

After a stroke, be prepared for a long recovery period. The maximum reduction in neurologic failure is observed within the first 12 months after a brain injury.

Then the speed of recovery processes is reduced. After 3 years, the ailment enters the stage of residual phenomena.

The recovery process includes a set of activities that are aimed at returning the previous level of activity.

Rehabilitation work should be started while the patient is still in the hospital. All activities should be regular, continuous and moderate. Do not demand fast and noticeable results from the patient.

1. Restoration should be carried out in a comprehensive way, using medicines, physiotherapy, folk methods and psychological help.
2. One of the most important places in the rehabilitation process is restoration of motor and sensitive function. The task is difficult, you should start work from the first days after the impact.

At first, it is often necessary to change the position of the patient's body, fix the limbs in certain poses with the help of longots or bags of sand. If the victim is completely immobilized, it must be turned every 2 hours. Otherwise, pressure sores are formed.

Passive gymnastics can begin as early as the second day. The physical training instructor will show the correct movements, give advice on the duration and intensity of the loads.

1. As the condition improves, the patient can start to sit down, increasing the time spent in such a position every day.
2. Then you can proceed to restoring the walk.
3. Massage, active exercises to strengthen various muscle groups leads to a gradual expansion of the volume of movements.

To restore speech, you need consultation with a speech therapist. With the patient should be spoken slowly, clearly pronouncing words. At first, questions should be simple, imply monosyllabic answers.

The process of rehabilitation is impossible without the support and love of loved ones.

Important! Often the cause of a stroke is malnutrition and prolonged diets.

Treatment medication

Initial medical care is provided in the intensive care unit. At the same time, it is necessary to start injecting stem cells as soon as possible. If the crisis is over, the patient remains alive - he is transferred to an ordinary ward for long-term rehabilitation.

Treatment is aimed at maintaining the vital functions of the body and eliminating the causes of hemorrhage. The main task is to prevent brain edema. Medications include agents for lowering blood pressure and against epilepsy.

Mannitol is often used. It promotes the outflow of fluid from the brain. Which leads to a decrease in intracranial pressure.

Drug treatment during the recovery period

The neurons that did not suffer after the impact, the load is significantly increased. Therefore, they need additional support, which will help the active restoration of the functionality of brain cells.

After inpatient treatment, preventive therapy should be given every 3 months.

Preparations for preventive treatment:

• nootropics( piracetam, actovegin, gliatilin) ​​- they are injected;
• agents that improve neuromuscular conduction( proserin, neuromidine);
• vitamin complexes containing vitamin B( neurorubin);
• medication to maintain normal blood pressure( ramipril, losartan);
• preparations blocking calcium channels( corinfar, amlodipine).

Folk remedies

The use of prescriptions for alternative medicine is possible only if the patient is in a stable state. In this case, all prescribed medications are required.

Collection for rapid recovery after impact

This mixture can relieve even the severe consequences of a stroke.

1. Mix 35 g of white mistletoe and Japanese sophora.
2. Pour the herbs 350 ml of vodka.
3. Remove the drug in a place that is protected from light for 30 days.
4. Shake the medicine every other day.

The course consists of 20 days of medication and 15 days of interruption. In this case, every day should take 5 ml of medication twice a day.

Salvia for Speech Reconstruction

From the grass, you should prepare a soft boil - 12 g of raw material for a glass of boiling water. Insist for half an hour. Then give the patient three times during the day a few mouthfuls of broth.

Collecting from a stroke:

• plantain;
• yarrow;
• St. John's wort;
• leaves walnut and strawberry;
• of the focus;
• inflorescence of calendula and scallop.

All ingredients must be taken in equal parts by weight. Prepare a decoction of 20 g of collection and 210 ml of water. The medicine should boil well( at least 5 minutes).Take filtered and chilled 75 ml three times a day.

pine cones

Pine cones contain tannins, which prevent the death of brain cells. From this raw material it is necessary to prepare tincture from young cones.

1. The capacity of 1 liter glass should be filled up to the top with opened cones, pour all with vodka. The drug should be removed to a dark place for 2-3 weeks.
2. Then the medicine should be passed several times through the gauze. Correctly prepared tincture has a deep dark red color.
3. Daily intake consists of three 5 ml doses. The course is designed for 21 days, after which a one-week break is required.

If the alcohol tincture is strictly contraindicated, you can prepare a decoction.

Pine cones( 5 pcs.) Grind, add hot water( 500 ml).Boil on low heat for 5 minutes. Take 55 ml from 1 to 3 times a day after a meal.

Cones should be collected only from the tree in March-April.

Lemon and garlic

Grind 1,5 kg of lemons together with the peel with a blender or meat grinder. Add an equal amount of sugar.

To the patient before breakfast give 5 g of lemon mixture and a small piece of garlic.

Ointment for paralyzed limbs

1. Grind individually the leaves of the laurel and pine needles.
2. Mix 5 g of pine raw material and 30 g of laurel.
3. Add 60 g butter butter.

The drugs should be rubbed twice a day into the affected limbs.

Hemorrhagic stroke is a serious illness with frequent fatalities. But the prevention of it is very simple. Refuse bad habits and replace them with useful ones, keep calm. In the presence of hypertension, problems with the heart and blood vessels in a timely manner to pass all the recommended examinations. And after any craniocerebral trauma it is necessary to undergo a complete neurologic treatment.