Adrenals are responsible for metabolism in the body, for adapting the body to unfavorable external conditions. Benign tumors that have arisen in this organ usually do not pose a mortal danger to humans. One of the most popular is adenoma.
The concept of
This is a benign formation that forms in the adrenal cortex. More often appears in one of the organs.
A tumor is a small formation, inside which is the same type of contents. The development of the disease occurs gradually. The greatest danger is the possibility of degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant one.
Often find the disease in women over forty. It is noted that education has clear edges, with the use of diagnostic equipment, a capsule is viewed.
The weight of the tumor varies from 10 to 100 g. The more education, the more likely it is to transform into a malignant tumor.
Classification of
Three types of adenomas are divided according to morphological features:
- Adrenocortical. occurs most often. It is a capsular knot. Under the microscope, it can be revealed that the tumor is created from polygonal cells.
- Pigmented. There are dark colored cells in it. Therefore, the tumor itself is crimson. The size of this formation can reach 2-3 cm. Sometimes it is accompanied by Cushing's syndrome. With computed tomography, the tumor has a high radial density with a fibrous capsule. The mass of education does not exceed 35 g.
- Oncocytic. Occurs rarely and often functionally inactive. Has a tan color or ivory. It consists of large cells with a granular cytoplasm. The latter are the result of an increased number of mitochondria.
Reasons for
The exact causes of adenoma formation have not been established. At risk are smokers, because nicotine provokes the formation of tumors.
The cause of growth are hormonal changes. Therefore, the disease is more often found in women taking hormonal contraceptives.
Among the reasons for the formation is:
- polycystic ovary,
- diabetes mellitus,
- overweight,
- cardiovascular system malfunction,
- internal injury,
- inadequate hormone production.
Symptoms of adenoma adrenal
The first time in the formation of the tumor symptomatology is absent. Since the adrenal glands are responsible for the production of hormones, there are:
- Cohn Syndrome. There is an increase in the level of aldosterone.
- Cushing's syndrome. Increases cortisol.
Over time, there is an increase in body weight due to hormonal disorders, a regular increase in blood pressure. Most often, the symptomatology is manifested as a whole complex.
Patients note:
- arrhythmia,
- limb tremors,
- increased urination,
- muscle weakening,
- skin atrophy,
- convulsions.
Hormonal changes lead to nervous disorders. There is a sharp change of mood, depression, tearfulness.
Diagnosis
Studies are under the supervision of a radiologist and endocrinologist. Conducted:
- computed tomography,
- MRI,
- endocrine tests.
The first two types of research allow timely detection of malignant changes, as well as determine the location and type of tumor. Hormonal tests reveal the level of hormones produced by the adrenal glands.
In addition, a biopsy, a brain scan of the brain, is prescribed. Biopsy reveals the origin of the tumor, determines its structure.
Modern methods of research can detect a tumor with a size of 5 mm.
In 13% of cases, even small adenomas degenerate into cancer, so it is necessary to conduct diagnostic activities in a timely manner.
In the video of ultrasound, right adrenal adenoma diagnosis:
Treatment of adrenal adrenal gland
Small hormone inactive tumors need only dynamic observation. If the formation is larger than 4 cm or produces hormones, surgical treatment is used.
The removal of adenoma occurs in two ways:
- Laparoscopy. Effective for small tumors located only on one side. This is a minimally invasive procedure, so the patient is in the hospital for about six days. Healing of the joints occurs quickly.
- Cannery operation. It is used for bilateral adrenal damage. Patients after manipulation need a long recovery.
After the operation, hormone therapy is connected, aimed at restoring the hormonal balance. In rare cases, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are prescribed.
Stimulates the work of the adrenal gland geranium, from which make a decoction. Reduction of hormonal production is possible with the help of mulberry. The broth is drunk instead of water.
In conclusion, we note that preventive measures are aimed at preventing the re-development of the tumor. To do this, you need to periodically give blood to hormones, do ultrasound. These procedures are appointed twice a year.
With small adenomas, the prognosis is favorable. If the benign tumor began to transform into a malignant one, the prognosis depends on the origin, stage and presence of concomitant pathologies.