Mammary biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that involves the sampling of atypical breast tissue for their morphological identification.
Usually, this procedure is performed to exclude or confirm breast cancer. A biopsy is prescribed when other diagnostic procedures like mammography or ultrasound are not able to give a fully clear picture of the disease.
Indications and contraindications
The biopsy procedure is prescribed only by the doctor if atypical bleached or darkened areas of the breast are detected and unseasoned seals.
A woman should consult a specialist herself if she has:
- The dense formations in the chest are probed;
- There was an unreasonable peeling on the skin of the breast and other incomprehensible flaws, including peeling or crusts on the nipple and around it;
- There are secretions from the nipples of bloody, mucous and any other character;
- Appearance of ulcers on the chest.
Mammary biopsy usually does not have contraindications. However, the procedure can not be performed in women with or with established biostimulants.
Kinds of
Various types of biopsy diagnostics such as vacuum and stereotaxic, fine needle aspirating and surgical, trepan biopsy and coronary biopsies, MRI biopsy, etc.
are used in diagnostics of dairy fermented tumors. In each clinical case, the biopsy technique is selected individually taking into account the parameters and localization of the tumorprocess, as well as the patient's preferences.
TAPB
Fine needle aspiration puncture biopsy of the mammary gland refers to sparing diagnostic procedures and is prescribed if, after ultrasound and mammography, a bulk tumor has been detected, in respect of whose morphology the physician has doubts.
The TAPB methodology is being actively applied in practice due to its high informativeness.
Based on the results of a biopsy, after examining fluid or cellular samples from the tumor, doctors decide on the operation.
The puncture is made by a hollow, thinnest needle, after which the biomaterial is sampled in order to determine its nature. Biomaterial is absorbed by the piston of a special syringe, and then it is examined under a microscope. Moreover, the needle, through which the biopsy specimen is obtained, is much thinner than the diameter, rather than the injection needle.
If it is possible to probe a tumor, then the doctor directs the needle blindly, although control is often used such as X-ray, ultrasound or magnetic resonance diagnostics. The aspiration needle is very thin, so there is no need for anesthesia with this method. An injection of anesthesia will deliver more than the procedure of a biopsy.
Trepan biopsy
A similar technique for biopsy diagnostics is largely similar to aspiration, but only the needle used to absorb the biopsy is thicker. Due to the greater thickness, it is possible to obtain not only a liquid for diagnosis, but also small pieces of tissue.
The needle is injected 3-6 times to take a biopsy specimen from different parts of the breast tumor. The duration of the trepan biopsy procedure is slightly higher than the sampling of the biopsy specimen according to the TAPB method, but the results of this study are more clear, since several different tumor samples are being examined at once.
Stereotactic
In the process of stereotaxic technique, a computer and an X-ray machine are used that help to clearly analyze the ferrous iron images and clarify the specific place of needle insertion. So you can definitely get directly into a suspicious formation.
A similar technique is often used to identify non-visualized and non-probable formations in ultrasound investigation, as well as the smallest calcium deposits - microcalcinates.
Vacuum
A similar biopsy technique is performed using specialized systems like ATEC or Mammoth.
The chest is anaesthetized, then an incision is made in it, into which the cutting cavity needle is found.
Under X-ray, ultrasound or magnetic resonance control, it is directed to the tissues of the tumor, where a cylindrical piece of formation is sucked into the needle under vacuum action.
Since the needle is equipped with a knife, it cuts the retracted piece from the rest of the fabric.
In this way, several fences of the biopsy from different places of the tumor are made through just one hole in the chest.
The advantage of this method is that experts consider a much larger number of biomaterial samples obtained simultaneously than, for example, when performing a puncture procedure.
Vacuum biopsy performed on an outpatient basis. Since the incision on the breast is very small, there are no scars after such a study.
Under the control of MRI
Sometimes the procedure for obtaining a biopsy is carried out under the control of a magnetic resonance tomograph.
The woman is placed on a special table down the stomach, with the breasts being placed in specially designed holes. Then the specialist starts scanning, with the help of which the localization of the formation and the direction of the needle stroke is determined exactly.
MRI biopsy is most preferred for women with very suspicious tumors that are not visualized by other diagnostic methods and are not palpated.
Surgical
This method of obtaining biological material is still called open and involves a full-fledged surgical intervention, during which the surgeon receives a biopsy for further histology.
An open biopsy is performed by incision or excision method. In the first case, a small area of education is removed, which is sufficient for research and diagnosis. In the second case, complete removal of the tumor occurs.
A surgical biopsy is performed in a hospital using general or local anesthesia. This procedure is considered technically more complicated than trepan biopsy or puncture biopsy. After healing, there is a characteristic scar, and if an excisional biopsy was performed, at which most of the tissues were removed, the shape of the breast may change.
After the procedure, women often have a strong puffiness of the chest, pronounced bruising, which pass independently after the post-operative rehabilitation.
Corrosion biopsy
Biopsy sampling is performed using specialized needles of different thicknesses. Coronary biopsy is performed using a large diameter needle.
A similar biopsy needle can take a column of tissue not only from the skin, but also from the inside of a particular organ, which in this case acts as the mammary gland.
A coronary biopsy is performed using a specialized device( such as a pistol) that provides a smooth movement of the needle inside the tumor, obtaining the material and returning the needle back.
This biopsy sampling can be performed simultaneously several times( 3-6), which is very convenient, as it provides a large amount of biomaterial for histological analysis.
Preparation of
Usually, after the appointment of a biopsy, a woman is warned in advance about certain nuances, the observance of which will avoid a multitude of undesirable consequences.
- If there is an allergy, then it is necessary to notify the doctor in advance.
- Going to the procedure, wear loose clothing.
- On the day of the diagnosis, you can not use perfumes like antiperspirants or deodorants, decorative cosmetics, etc.
- . About a week before taking the biopsy, a woman should stop taking medications that affect blood flow.
- It is absolutely unacceptable to drink alcohol.
A biopsy under the MRT-control is forbidden for women with pacemakers, as well as for pregnant patients.
How is breast analysis performed?
Biopsy by physicians is considered as the most sparing method for diagnosing breast and ferruginous formations and seals, which allows you to determine the diagnosis with maximum accuracy.
There are many methods of biopsy, each of which has its advantages and indications. The material is taken on an outpatient basis with the use of anesthetics.
The preferred time for the procedure is the interval from 7 to 14 day of the cycle. Special training is not necessary, most importantly, meet several requirements.
- A woman is conveniently placed on the couch.
- Inject anesthesia and install an ultrasound transducer on the chest. The
- ultrasound helps to determine the exact location of the abnormal tissues into which the needle is inserted, and the biopsy sampling is performed. All manipulations are displayed on the monitor.
- At times when a biopsy needle is inserted, a woman may feel a slight sensation of painful pressure.
- After receiving the biomaterial, the doctor applies the measures necessary to stop bleeding and applies a bandage.
After this, the woman is released home, where for 24 hours she is not recommended to engage in active physical work.
When a tumor
If a woman has found a palpable seal in her chest, then she needs to consult a mammologist without delay. If the doctor assumes the presence of a tumor, then the most correct decision will be a biopsy.
It is this method of diagnosis that is considered the most informative in terms of determining the nature of the tumor formed.
Before a biopsy, a woman usually undergoes a diagnosis, including:
- Ultrasound;
- Mammography;
- Computed tomography;
- Scintigraphy;
- Analysis for detection of oncomarkers;
- Palpation, etc.
The choice of method to receive a biopsy will depend on a variety of individual factors.
The simplest and preferred is TAPB, however, it is not always sufficiently informative. Therefore, it is better to stop for a coronary or trepan-biopsy. Such procedures not only help determine the morphology of education, but also study receptors.
For small tumors, the stereotactic or fine-needle biopsy method will be the best option, and if they do not give proper information about education, surgical biopsy may be necessary.
Cysts
When detecting cystic dairy fermentations, which are pouches filled with contents, biopsy diagnostics are often used.
Cysts are perfectly palpable during medical examination and do not cause painful sensations during palpation.
Although most cysts are benign formations, they are still a sign of a beginning mastopathy of the cystic fibrous type, which is considered by mammologists as a precancerous background pathology.
Therefore, timely detection and treatment in this situation is of no small importance, even of vital importance.
Biopsy in a similar clinical situation is an important diagnostic element that helps to eliminate or detect atypical, malignant cellular structures. During the biopsy the patient takes not only a piece of the cystic membrane, but also its contents.
Biopsy is usually supplemented with ultrasound, MRI, pneumocystography, mammography, etc. Biopsy techniques are used by biopsy, biopsy, etc.
biopsy techniques. A biopsy gun is used to obtain a tissue biopsy and a thin needle is used to obtain the cellular material. Puncture biopsy in this situation acts as a therapeutic measure, because in the process of its carrying out a complete removal of cystic contents.
As a result, the walls of the formation are glued together, and it disappears. Trepan-biopsy in cystic breast-fatigue formations is prescribed only when there is a suspicion of a malignant tumor or cystoma.
Fibroadenomas
Fibroadenomas are considered to be the most common breast-fattening lesions of benign nature. These tumors externally have a spherical shape and are formed from fibrous cellular structures.
Similar formations are most common in patients younger than 30. Fibroadenomas do not grow more than 3 cm, although sometimes they can grow up to 5 cm.
Such procedures as ultrasound, mammography and biopsy can confirm the diagnosis, the latter being the only diagnostic technique that allows the most accuratedetermine the type and nature of education.
If ultrasonography and mammography accurately show that fibroadenoma is present, then patients under 25 years of age should not be prescribed a biopsy.
An older biopsy is necessary to determine the composition of cellular structures in order to prevent the development of breast cancer in a timely manner.
According to statistics, the order of 10% fibroaden leaf-like type with time degenerate into sarcoma. Therefore, a biopsy can be extremely useful in terms of preventing breast cancer.
With cancer
No breast cancer is insured against any patient, so women need to conduct a self-examination each month.
If the slightest changes in the chest are found, then it is necessary to be examined.
If the etiology and nature of education in the chest are unclear, then a biopsy study is recommended.
In the process of biopsy of the dairy tissue, it is possible to obtain a tumor sample, so that cytologists can accurately determine its nature.
Fine needle or thick needle aspiration is used to obtain a biopsy specimen. Sometimes a surgical biopsy is performed, which is usually combined with surgical excision of the ferrous iron.
The specific biopsy technique that will be most suitable for breast cancer is selected taking into account factors such as size and location, the number of cancerous foci and the presence of metastases. Biopsy is important in relapses, then the procedure is carried out by stereotactic or fine-needle method.
Breast biopsy results: a transcript of the
The patient receives the results of the diagnosis after a lapse of 10 days. The results are classified into several groups:
- Normal - when the diagnosis showed that the indicators are within the normal range;
- Incomplete - if insufficient biopsy was obtained during the procedure, or if ambiguous results were obtained. In such a situation, a reanalysis is necessary;
- Non-cancerous - when atypical cellular structures or atypical non-cancerous elements such as inflammatory foci, mastitis or cysts are detected;
- Benign - if a benign tumor is detected;
- Malignant - when biopsy results showed the presence of cancer cells.
Consequences of
The procedure has practically no undesirable consequences and is not capable of influencing the course of the existing pathology. For a minimal risk of complications, you need to contact a professional medical institution.
After the biopsy procedure, women note:
- Minor discomfort at the puncture site;
- Puffiness;
- Hyperemia.
Recommendations after analysis of
In the first day or two after the procedure, one should not return to previous physical activity. To eliminate puffiness and bruising, as well as minor discomfort in the puncture area, it is recommended to apply a packet of ice to the chest.
If a surgical biopsy was performed, some care for the superficial seams will be required. Before they are removed, you can not wet them, try to avoid sharp turns of the body, jerking hands and other sudden movements.
Where to go through the procedure?
Breast biopsy procedure is available today in all clinics and centers with a profile mammological unit.
Patient Reviews
Anna:
I underwent a biopsy 7 years ago, when a lump of incomprehensible origin appeared in my chest. I was terribly afraid that they would detect cancer, and added fear of a biopsy procedure, which I did not really know anything about. I was put on the couch, but to avoid jerking, the nurse held her shoulders. Just awful. It hurts, I will not say that I'm unbearably unbearable, but not deadly. To give birth more painfully. Then a week waited for the results, did not sleep at night, but everything turned out. The cone was benign.
Olga:
During the ultrasound in the chest, a small seal was found. The doctor could not determine the nature of the tumor, so he sent to an oncologist who prescribed a biopsy. The pain is in the process of the procedure, but it is dulled, you can endure. The doctor injects the syringe and picks up the biomaterial with pumping manipulations. The results did not show anything bad. The doctor observed the growth of the adenoma for a year and a half. But it so happened that on the next ultrasound of my doctor was replaced by another, who doubted the good quality of education. Have a repeated biopsy. The needle was injected once 7, all could not get - the tumor was too mobile. As a result, the tumor was removed and sent for histology. It turned out to be benign after all. But I had a terrible time with these biopsies.
How much is it?
Biopsy of the dairy fermentations in Moscow clinics costs about 500-12350 rubles. The total amount depends on the complex of additional services, type of anesthesia and control, the method of biopsy and other factors.
Video on methodological issues of biopsy of signaling lymph nodes in breast cancer patients: