Adults, whose children were diagnosed with lambliasis, often ask one question how the simplest flagellar microorganisms look, whether they can be seen with the naked eye. You can answer it by describing in detail the appearance of the parasite and its basic biological forms. So, who are they, Giardia? These are not worms, but small microorganisms( that's how they look in the photo), which settle in the small intestine, in the fibers of the mucous layer and feed on the parietal juices. The name was given in 1859 in honor of the scientist D. Liambl, who discovered to the world the existence of flagellar microscopic organisms.
How do lamblia look externally? Inside the intestine lives two forms of protozoa flagellar microorganisms:
- Trophozoids.
- Cysts.
Appearance and biology of lamblia
Trophozoites are the vegetative stage of lamblia, whose body shape resembles a pear( this is how they look on the photo).In length it is only 10-25 micrometers, so it's impossible to see lamblia without a microscope. Trophozoites have two pairs of bundles that help to move the simplest in the lumen of the small intestine, a double set of chromosomes, two medal bodies arranged symmetrically in relation to each other.
To the fibers of the small intestine, the simplest flagellar microorganisms are attached due to the sucking disk. With it, microorganisms also feed on the method of pinocytosis( nutrients are absorbed by the whole body).Having thoroughly understood how lamblia look, it is not difficult to understand that for normal life they do not need oxygen, nor do they need a large space for parasitism. Due to microscopic dimensions, a whole colony of lamblia, consisting of a million trophozoites, is capable of settling on one square centimeter.
The action of bile changes lamblia, trophozoites turn into cysts. How do they look? Cysts( here they are in the photo) have an oval shape, a solid shell, inside which is placed two cores. Cysts of lamblia can be formed only in the large intestine. This circumstance explains the fact that outwardly they, cysts, go out into the external environment with the feces. Although there are cases in children, when the liquid consistency of the feces come out and trophozoites. Understanding how they look, what sizes have two forms of flagella, you can easily explain why they can not be seen with a simple glance.
Cysts go out together with feces, in the external environment they can settle everywhere. Dirty hands, unwashed vegetables and fruits, unboiled water becomes a source of infection. Getting inside the child's body, cysts easily overcome the aggressive environment of the stomach, get into the duodenum( in the photo shows its anatomical structure) and there, the action of bile destroys the integrity of the cyst shell, two nuclei are released, two trophozoites appear by longitudinal division. How they look has been described above. The life cycle of lamblia is closed.
In order for a person to become infected with Giardiasis, it is necessary that more than ten cysts get inside him. The cycle of development within the host does not require special conditions, for normal functioning they need moisture and heat, so the intestine is an ideal habitat for flagellates. Understanding how they look, how their parasites occur, provides an opportunity to explain the pathological processes that occur during the presence of simple flagellates within the intestine.
Having learned about the look of lamblia, what sizes have the simplest flagellum microorganisms, many will think that such a neighborhood can not provoke the formation of dangerous pathological processes. But this is not so. Giards, living inside the human body, during their life emit a huge amount of toxins. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that the flagellate colony causes indigestion when settling, food is not digested, it rotates, rotting products penetrate the blood and poison the body. That is why often described infection is accompanied by various allergic reactions( such as shown in the photo).To the allergy and to the violation of vital functions of internal organs may be added disorders of the nervous system. This explains why it is so important to know how lamblia look, what pathological manifestations they can provoke, settling in the body in children or an adult.