The Chain of Cepni( Cyclophyllidea) belongs to the class of tapeworms, about 3 thousand species are known. Chains are parasites of warm-blooded animals, several species parasitize in the human body. Representatives: echinococcus, pork, bovine, dwarf tsepene, and others. Each of them produces eggs. They are a form of infection, leading to the development of the disease.
Stages of development of the worm consistently replace each other. It looks as follows: egg-larva( onkosfera-finna) - adult individual - segments with eggs. There are kinds of tapeworms( for example, wide ribbons), in which there are 2 intermediate hosts, in the body of which there are certain stages of development of the worm.
Chain Eggs Infection begins when the solitic egg hits the human or animal body. This can happen when eating an animal grass, infected with hawks eggs, located in human feces. A person risks entering parasites into his mouth, using raw water from open reservoirs, unwashed fruits and vegetables, dirty hands, etc. Eggs are chain-resistant to digestion and pass along the alimentary tract to the intestine, where they remain and move to the next stage of development - it turns into a larva.
Inside the egg there is oncosphere - this is the larva in the initial stage. It has the shape of a ball and is equipped with six hooks, necessary for it to be fixed on the walls of the intestine of the host. Having made a hole in the wall of the intestine, the larva appears in the circulatory system, where along with the flow of blood migrates through the host's organism, enters the muscles of the animal( porcine and bovine tapeworm).Or it is fixed on the villi of the human intestine, gradually destroying it by damage, and continues its development( dwarf tseleen).
Finns of the chain
Then oncosphere is converted to the Finn( cysticerci).Finn looks like a vial filled with liquid, with a screwed inward worm head, can have suction cups or hooks. When considering the cut of the meat of a sick animal( see photo), you can see numerous impregnations of white color - these are Finns of a flat worm. In the muscles of the animal( intermediate host), the larva at this stage can live up to 8-9 months, thanks to the cyst of the chain that protects it before the onset of a favorable period. If during this time there was no migration of the worm in the stage of Finn to the organism of the final host by eating them infected meat, then the parasite perishes.
When a meat infected by Finns infects a sick animal in the human body, the parasite, having found itself in the intestines of its final host, continues to live. Finn turns into an adult tapeworm: the head of the larva is turned and attached to the inner surface of the intestine. The body of the worm begins to increase in length due to the rapid build-up of segments from the cervix.
In adulthood the tapeworm can live many years, assimilating amino acids and other useful substances, causing huge damage to the human body by its vital activity, releasing poisonous metabolic products. In the intestines of the host, the tapeworm reaches a mature state and is ready to produce its own eggs. The body of an adult worm consists of many segments in which the reproductive process takes place( see photo).The segments at the end of the body are filled with ready-made eggs. From time to time the segments come off, and along with the feces are removed from the host organism, infecting the environment with eggs of the chainworm.
Diseases caused by eggs of the
solitist The ingress of eggs or larvae of the chain can lead to serious illnesses. The use of undercooked or undercooked meat, from the bovine tinnitus infected by Finns, can cause a shadow arthritis.
Cysticercosis is a disease caused by eggs of a pork chopstick caught by a fecal-oral route into the patient's body. An infected person has signs of intestinal tract and nervous system damage. Finns( cysticerci) spread throughout the body, without continuing to become an adult. More often they are found in the eyes, the brain, under the skin. This leads to the defeat of the relevant organs.
In the fight against infection with eggs and tapeworms, the following measures will help:
- control and culling of Finnish carcasses;
- adherence to hygiene rules;
- correct heat treatment( helminth eggs break down when heated over 37 degrees or freeze for several days, Finns die with long-term heat treatment over 80 degrees).
- regular medical examination and delivery of tests. The presence of eggs of parasites in the body of a doctor can be determined on the basis of the results of analysis of feces, scrapings from the perianal zone, the detection of antibodies in the blood to the parasite antigens.