Dislocation of the ankle: symptoms, causes and treatment

The displacement of the joint due to ligament rupture, in medicine is called an ankle dislocation. Sometimes, the joint and ligaments are shifted and broken not completely, doctors call this state - a subluxation. In certain cases, the joint is displaced without tearing ligament, this condition is considered a lesion without injury to the muscle tissue.

Ankle dislocation is very common. In the ICD-10, this problem is indicated by the number S93.0.The elderly are at greater risk of injury, since their bones are no longer as strong as they were in their youth. Athletes are also very familiar with joint injuries, because their occupation is associated with active physical activity. Women are prone to ankle injury not less, it's all about the shoes. Weak sex prefers high heels, at times increasing the risk of tucking a leg. None of the people is immune from injury, occupation, sex and age, not related to the accident.

Signs and symptoms

When looking at whether a strong dislocation or not, it is divided into 3 degrees of severity, each has its own symptoms:

1. In the first stage, the ligament ruptures, resulting in swelling and swelling. Of the symptoms: pain, discomfort, a big bump, while the motor functions are not violated.
2. The following form is characterized by a slight tear, swelling formed at the site of the injury and covering the entire surface of the foot. If you do not move your foot, the pain will be strong enough, it will not be possible to walk, although the functions of the movement will remain in working order.
3. At the third stage the joint is completely destroyed. A sharp pain pierces the leg during palpation, and when you try to get to your feet. Tumor and bleeding extends to the entire foot, even on the sole.

Diagnosis

A patient's examination in the hospital gives a sufficient amount of data on the extent of the injury, for the correct diagnosis, but not in all cases. How to distinguish a fracture from a dislocation? People with suspected ankle damage are assigned an ankle in the ankle joint in different projections. This procedure will show with certainty the nature of the injury, with an ankle fracture or it is an ankle injury, and also will determine the specific type of the resulting injury, for example, stretching or dislocation, or this dislocated displacement.

How to determine the dislocation of

To understand if there is a fracture in the victim or not, you need to know how to determine this. To do this, remember that the dislocation never changes the length and shape of the limb. Fracture or dislocation? To begin with, we will understand the symptoms of fracture:

• acute pain;
• marked deformation of the joint;
• partial or complete immobility;
• severe swelling.

Important! With a fracture, the symptoms are slightly different, you can not move your foot, the more you step on it or try to go.

Consider the types of ankle injury:

1. From the side. In the isolated state I have never met. In all cases, it is combined with a fracture of the ankle.
2. Damage to the foot. A characteristic feature is the mismatch of the joint in the foot, this is possible with torn syndesmosis, that is - the connection between the bones.
3. Front. It is extremely rare.
4. Behind. It is possible in the case of a combination of a fracture in the back of the ankle bone formation, which restrains the foot from folding back.
5. Habitual dislocation of the knee joint. The reasons for the formation may be different, for example, improper treatment. The problem is very serious, since the joint after this becomes unstable even after treatment, then under the minimum load there will always be the possibility of a future dislocation.

First aid

What should I do if I have a dislocation? Immediately begin to provide first aid, even before going to the hospital. From the time for which the patient will be assisted, depends on his recovery time after treatment, and the extent of the subsequent motor function of the joint.

First aid in case of dislocation:

• it is necessary to raise the leg to the elevation and fix it in this position, the outflow of blood will reduce swelling;
• attach ice to the site of the bruise, it will also relieve swelling and pain, to do this, fill the ice with a bottle and wrap it in a thin towel so as not to overcool the joint, keep the injury for about 10 minutes, at intervals of half an hour;
• if the victim has severe pain, you need to give him an anesthetic;
• call an ambulance, or gently deliver the victim to the hospital ward.

Contraindications to trauma:

• is strictly prohibited to try to correct the joint by itself, this can lead to a complete rupture of the ligaments;
• when getting injured in frost, on the street, it is forbidden to remove shoes from the victim.

Treatment of

Is treatment at home possible? First, the treatment of the house is to provide first aid, so the leg should be immobilized, put ice on, and call an ambulance, or take the patient away.

Important! In case the patient was prescribed treatment under stationary conditions, gypsum is applied to the damaged area.

An anti-inflammatory drug is prescribed, such as: Movalis, Ibuprofen. It is mandatory to use crutches when walking, so as not to put a strain on the injured leg.

In the case of an easy injury, the trauma doctor may allow treatment at home. Symptoms, in this case, will be removed by applying ice for 10 minutes, or taking medications such as Ibuprofen. The patient is also provided with absolute peace and rest.

For the treatment of the first stages of the dislocation, a special scheme should be followed:

1. After receiving the bruise, it is necessary to make cold compresses. This is the most suitable and easy way to relieve swelling and pain. For such purposes, you can use special packages that are sold in pharmacies, they cool the damaged place remarkably.
2. The damaged joint is immobilized with tight bandages and elastic bandage.
3. Trying to stand on foot is strictly prohibited, only rest.
4. A few days after dislocation, be sure to use ointments - for example, Bom Benge, which has anti-inflammatory properties.
5. Also in the treatment it is very useful to add paraffin applications and weak massage.

The duration of such treatment is at least 2 weeks. After this period of time, you can already give a weak load on the foot and remove the bandage. But, it is allowed to do only after the pain completely disappears.

The second and third stages of the dislocation are characterized by a more serious displacement of the joint and require its correction in the shortest possible time, it is strictly forbidden to do this on their own. In the hospital, the affected area is anesthetized with special injections of anesthetics - novocaine, the patient is done every 2 days.

The second degree is treated by applying gypsum, after that it must be worn for a minimum of 14 days. Physiotherapy, massage procedures and exercise therapy are prescribed. Complete recovery of the patient occurs in 3-4 weeks.

Treatment of the third degree is done in this way:

1. Apply a plaster covering the whole surface of the foot from the fingers to the upper part of the shin.
2. Physiotherapy procedures.
3. Small physical training.

With the right treatment, the victim will be able to return to a normal lifestyle within a month.

Treatment with folk remedies

For treatment it is necessary to know a few simple but effective ways. Folk remedies:

1. Tincture of calendula flowers, tansy and celandine will be an excellent option. All the ingredients must be mixed, poured with water and insist for 30 minutes, then moisten the bandage in the obtained tincture and attach to the wound. Once the fabric has dried, you need to change the compress.
2. For the next method, you need a ground food soap. It is necessary to mix ammonia and camphor( powder) with it. Pour the lamp oil and white turpentine, mix, the result should be an ointment. Such ointments should be applied to a bruise when dislocated.
3. Grated 4 garlic, mixed with vinegar. Insist for about a week. The product is perfect for rubbing into the bruised area.
4. A mixture of half a spoonful of salt and vinegar 9% 150 ml. Soak a bandage or a napkin in this solution and apply it to a sore spot. It can with edema, and will reduce the risk of hematoma.

Various types of complications

Complications can result in serious consequences. The most dangerous is the instability of the joint. Eliminate the problem only by surgical intervention. At this time, patients complain of severe weakness and instability in the joint.

Another frequent complication is the relapse of the stretch. Often, the victims complain of severe pain, severe swelling of the joint and very frequent turning of the legs during movement, which provokes a surge of pain.

Important! A rare case is the trauma of the lateral ligaments, due to the subluxation of the tendon of the fibular muscle, this relapse requires surgical intervention.

Forecast

Usually the prognosis after the dislocation of the foot is quite favorable, the risk of the above complications is minimal with proper treatment.

It happens that the dislocation provokes the appearance of such diseases as: gout, rheumatoid arthritis, but this happens only with those patients who already had a predisposition to these diseases.

Depending on the severity of the injury, the recovery period takes from a couple weeks to several months, sometimes people need to wear special shoes and bandages, some will have to walk with a cane for some time.