Paratonsillar abscess is an accumulation of pus in the tissues of the throat, next to one of the tonsils. The development of this disease occurs due to the infiltration of infectious pathogens( streptococci, staphylococcus and others) into the near-meandinal cellulose. Often paratonsillar abscess occurs as one of the complications of chronic tonsillitis or tonsillitis.
This lesion is relatively common among adults, and is very rare in infants and children. In mild cases, an abscess can cause pain and swelling of the tissues, and in severe cases can block the throat. In such cases, swallowing, speech and even breathing are difficult.
What is the danger of a paratonsillar abscess?
This disease is extremely dangerous because of the high likelihood of getting pus in the deeper tissues of the neck. As a consequence, phlegmon can develop( purulent inflammation of the soft tissues of the neck), mediastinitis( inflammation of the tissues of the chest cavity), sepsis( blood infection), acute stenosis of the larynx( narrowing of the larynx and choking);the risk of death is not ruled out. All these consequences are a weighty reason for the hospitalization of patients.
Reasons for
Why does the paratonsillar abscess occur, and what is it? The main causative agents of paratonzillitis and paratonsillar abscess are Streptococcus pyogenes of group A and Staphylococcus aureus;great importance is also anaerobic microorganisms. In addition, the paratonsillar abscess may have a polymicrobial etiology.
Paratonzillitis and paratonsillar abscess develop in case of penetration of the pathogen from the crypts of the affected palatine tonsil through its capsule into the surrounding paratonzillar fiber and intermuscular spaces. As a result, an infiltrate is formed, which in the absence of adequate therapy passes into the stage of purulent melting and parathonsillar abscess is formed( see photo).
Usually passes several days after a sore throat, the patient can even feel some relief, but then again suddenly the body temperature rises to fairly high figures( 38-39) degrees Celsius, he feels a sharp pain in his throat when swallowing. Often the pain is localized only on one side. In the future, two outcomes of the situation are possible, or this inflammation goes away independently under the influence of treatment, or in 3-4 days a so-called paratonsillar abscess is formed.
Classification of
There are three types of paratonsillar abscess, each of which has its own distinctive features:
- Antero-top - occurs in 90% of cases. This is due to a poor outflow of pus from the upper pole of the amygdala, which leads to the accumulation of it and further spread to the cellulose.
- Rear - revealed in every tenth person who fell ill. It can be complicated by edema of the larynx and, as a consequence, by a violation of breathing.
- Lower - is rare. Its development is associated, as a rule, with an odontogenic cause. The abscess is located in the cellulose behind the lower third palatal arch between the palatine and lingual tonsils.
Symptoms of paratonsillar abscess
In the event of a paratonsillar abscess, the symptoms are very similar to those of a sore throat. The first warning sign is severe sore throat. Nevertheless, when opening the mouth, we see a swollen throat with changes resembling sores.
Symptoms of paratonlesillar abscess most often develop in the following sequence:
- body temperature rises sharply to 38-39 ° C;
- difficulty with swallowing;
- sore throat, usually unilateral( but bilateral development of the abscess is not excluded);
- when swallowed, pain can be given to the ear, teeth or the nape of the neck from which the throat hurts;
- pain increases dramatically when trying to open the mouth;
- can not completely open the mouth due to spasms of the masticatory muscles;
- weakness, muscle pain;
- the patient's condition in the absence of treatment quickly deteriorates, there are signs of microbial intoxication: headache,
- nausea, dizziness, diarrhea;
- enlargement of the lymph nodes under the lower jaw, on the occiput.
Paratonlesillar abscess, if left untreated, can lead to very serious consequences - shortness of breath, infection of neighboring organs, pneumonia. Therefore, if you see signs that indicate exactly the abscess, you must urgently take action.
Paratonlesillar abscess: photo
How this disease looks, we offer detailed photos for viewing.
Complications of
Usually, the course of the paratonsillar abscess ends in recovery, but with a high virulence of the pathogenic flora and weakening of the body's defenses, such a formidable complication as phlegmon of the parapharyngeal space can develop, it is accompanied by such disturbances:
- intoxication of the organism;
- the patient experiences strong salivation;
- difficulty when opening the mouth;
- high body temperature;
- it becomes difficult for a patient to breathe, and he can not practically swallow.
Especially dangerous is the transition of phlegmon into purulent mediastinitis, which leads to the following consequences of paratonzillar abscess:
- thrombophlebitis;
- bleeding of the cervical vessels;
- septic processes;
- infectious-toxic shock;
- tissue necrosis.
How to treat paratonsillar abscess
It should be understood that paratonzillar abscess can not be cured at home. All the remedies used to treat sore throats are ineffective. Even if the abscess ripened and it seemed to you that the pus flow - this is far from the case. Most of the pathological purulent contents remained in the depths of the soft tissues. Over time, the pathological microflora will promote the formation of purulent masses. Pus in the abscess will accumulate until it reaches a critical mass and a second outflow occurs.
Depending on the symptoms, the treatment of paratonsillar abscess is carried out by three main methods :
- Complex therapy is the most effective method of treatment, which is based on a competent combination of different treatment methods.
- Conservative therapy - the use of medicines of local and general action, physiotherapy procedures. Effective in the early detection of inflammatory tonsillitis.
- Surgical treatment is a radical treatment that involves the removal of damaged tissues.
If treatment of the paratonsillar abscess is started in a timely manner, the prognosis of the outcome of the disease is favorable. Otherwise, it is possible to develop more serious complications, including sepsis. Traditional medicine is also widely used in the treatment of abscess: tonsils rinse with decoctions of chamomile, eucalyptus, make steam inhalations. It is also necessary to follow the diet. The patient is recommended to eat warm and liquid food.
Prevention
The basis for the prevention of the disease is timely access to a doctor, treatment of foci of chronic infection, sanitation of the oral and nasal cavities, strengthening of the immune system, hardening, nutrition and exercise. Early diagnosis and timely treatment give a chance for a full and rapid recovery.