Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis is one of three clinical-anatomical forms of acute pancreatonecrosis. In this acute form of this disease, the progressive course of the disease is provoked by enzymes that first enter the gland from the lymphatic channel, and then through the general bloodstream. Pancreatic hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis will develop with the predominant activation of proteolytic enzymes. On how many of these enzymes are activated, the speed with which the disease will develop also depends.
Gradually, other organs and tissues will be involved in the inflammatory process within the fascial abdominal cuffs, this will quickly lead to hemorrhagic peritoneal effusion and promote the development of aseptic fermentative peritonitis.
Acute hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis causes severe shingles in the epigastric region, and within a few hours cause clear signs of a disorder of peripheral and central hemodynamics. For every fifth patient, these disorders cause subsequently a pancreatogenic shock, leading the patient to an extremely severe or severe condition. Skin covers in the patient thus become wet, cold, pale, breathing becomes faster, the pulse becomes threadlike and frequent, hypotension occurs. In addition, about 60% of patients who have progressive hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis have mental disorders, expressed by inadequate behavior, inhibition or agitation and anxiety. And every third patient has severe violations of the central nervous system in the form of coma or delirium.
Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis is characterized by a 6-9-fold increase in relation to the normal level of the upper limit of the interval of enzymatic activity. Also it is about the hemorrhagic form of acute pancreonecrosis that will be indicated by foci of hemorrhage and cavity with hemorrhagic exudate in a large epiploon and gastric-ligament ligament.
Another distinctive feature of the acute form of this disease will be clearly expressed pain and strong intoxication of the body already in the first day after the onset of the disease progression. The level of intoxication in the first 24 hours is so high that it often leads to a lethal outcome.
Causes of hemorrhagic pancreatonecrosis
The emergence of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis is characterized by the activation of certain enzymes that enter the pancreas from the lymph nodes. And from there and into the general bloodstream of the body. The death of most of the cells as a result of their self-digestion by the pancreas causes this disease.
The causes of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis are:
- inflammatory processes occurring in the pancreas;
- intoxication due to ingestion of ethanol and other toxic agents;
- bile duct infection;
- thrombophlebitis or vasculitis of pancreatic vessels, including, and as a result of acute heart failure;
- tissue damage due to direct exposure, which is mechanical;
- is an immune conflict of the body. When immune agents can not recognize the cells of the body. They are taken for alien microorganisms and, as a consequence, rejected;
- complications after surgical operations on the abdominal organs;
- significant disorders or destruction of pancreatic tissue as a result of the presence of tumor neoplasms in the body;
- abuse of alcoholic beverages, which directly exert a destructive effect on the pancreas, activating its secretory function.
Self-occurrence of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis is possible only with direct mechanical damage to the tissues of the pancreas. In other cases, it is formed due to the acute form of pancreatitis in combination with chronic inflammation of the pancreas.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis
- Acute paroxysmal pain in the region of the left hypochondrium.
- Dry mouth, nausea and multiple vomiting.
- Bloating, flatulence and diarrhea.
- Chills and a significant increase in body temperature. Sometimes it is so high that the patient develops a fever and, accordingly, confusion.
- Noticeable redness of the skin of the face, as well as the appearance of bluish spots on the skin of the abdomen.
- Sharp jumps of blood pressure. From significantly reduced to greatly elevated.
- Rapid heart rate and shortness of breath at rest.
- An excited state, anxiety.
- Manifestations similar to those in renal failure.
- In some cases, there are mental disorders.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic necrosis of the pancreas manifest themselves sharply and develop rapidly. Most often this occurs in a short time as a result of eating prohibited foods for this disease. Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis is very severe, but two consecutive phases are clearly marked, namely:
- the first phase. Typically, lasts about a week, sometimes more. During this time, proteolytic enzymes begin to actively circulate in the blood, thereby exerting toxic effects on various organs. It is not possible to stop acute manifestations with the help of appropriate therapy;
- second phase. It is characterized by purulent and postnecrotic complications. It usually starts on a 10-12 day. Infection of foci of hemorrhagic necrosis of the pancreas is endogenous. The effects of purulent intoxication of the body are clearly manifested. The heart rate increases even more, painful sensations increase. As a result of a multi-day high body temperature, persistent hyperthermia of internal organs is noted. Also, bleeding may occur as a result of the vascular wall erosion.
Treatment of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis
In the treatment of this disease conservative methods are used. Appoint the appropriate drugs of different directions.
Blockers. With their help, it is possible to achieve blocking of enzymatic centers, significantly reducing the level of their chemical activity.
Spasmalytics. These drugs help to relax the tissues and ducts of the pancreas, improving the outflow of its secretory fluid.
Antisecretolytics. These drugs can reduce gastric secretion and, as a result, reduce the functional activity of the gland.
In addition, the absence of a pronounced effect with the use of conservative treatment is an indication for surgical intervention.
Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis refers to such diseases that require immediate inpatient treatment of the patient under round the clock supervision of medical personnel. In this regard, the use of folk remedies is inappropriate.
Hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis - the cause of death
During the first day of the disease progression, some patients experience extremely strong pain sensations, as well as an unacceptable concentration of toxic agents in the blood.
Due to the above reasons, including the inability to detoxify the patient, hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis can cause death.