The system responsible for the collection and removal of waste products from the body includes the bladder. He, along with the kidneys, occupies an important place in the functioning of urinary excretion.
Negative factors can provoke tumor processes in this area. Knowing the signs of the disease will help you to be alerted in a timely manner and seek help.
Concept and Statistics
The genitourinary system is involved in filtering blood and creating urine( the kidney), collecting it and removing it from the body( bladder and ducts).Tumors can worsen the functions of the system for removing fluid and vital residues to varying degrees.
Types of tumors of the genitourinary system
Education can be benign and malignant in nature. Often the last of the listed appear just through the degeneration of the former.
Benign formations are characterized by the fact that they do not tend to spread into neighboring tissues of the body and after removal do not appear again.
Therefore, at this stage it is recommended to begin treatment in order to achieve the result.
Malignant tumors of the genitourinary system are:
- prostate cancer - develops from the glandular epithelium;
- adenoma of the prostate;
- bladder cancer;
- kidney cancer;
- ureter cancer.
Malignant formations in all these organs, except the prostate gland, can arise from mucosal cells that lining their internal surfaces.
Benign tumors of the genitourinary system:
- In the kidney:
- adenoma,
- lipoma,
- angiomyolipoma,
- cyst.
- The appearance of the papilloma in the bladder cavity indicates that it is in a precancerous state. Papillomas are referred to benign formations.
- In the ureter it is:
- polyps,
- papilloma.
Causes of development of
Pathology in the bladder and urogenital system causes:
- The presence of a problem in the organs of the genitourinary system can initiate a tumor of the bladder.
- Industrial carcinogens contribute to the appearance of malignant tumors. It has been accurately shown that in plants where aniline is used, employees suffer from bladder cancer. And after a long time after work at such an enterprise, cancers appeared.
- Smoking is attributed to the factors that initiate a pathological process.
- Treatment of inflammatory diseases contributes to the onset of cancer.
- The appearance of papilloma proliferation comes from the presence of human papillomavirus. They are related to benign pathologies. The moment of presence of papillomas is considered precancerous.
- Ionizing radiation can initiate cancer. The genitourinary system is particularly affected if the irradiation of the zone where the organs of the system are projected is taking place.
Symptoms of
Symptoms of the swelling of the genitourinary system include:
- Discomfort occurs during urination. It can be painful sensations, carving, stopping at some point of urine output. The release of the bladder can be too frequent.
- The presence of blood is observed in urine. If a small portion is allocated, then only analysis can determine its presence. In the case of more blood entering urine, its color will change. This phenomenon can be permanent or periodic. The appearance of blood is due to the bleeding of the tumor.
- With the progression of the pathology, there are signs of general malaise:
- weakness,
- decline of strength,
- pain in adjacent zones:
- in the spine,
- perineum,
- rectum.
Symptoms in men
Every seventh elderly man suffers from prostate tumors. They can be both benign and malignant. This phenomenon refers to purely masculine problems.
The main symptoms of the disease are:
- burning sensation during urination,
- frequent visits to the toilet for bladder emptying, including at night;
- sensation that the emptying is not complete;
- a weak jet, emptying is often interrupted.
Symptoms in women
Women who underwent oncology of the cervix or ovaries, and treated with radiation therapy, are at risk for developing tumors in the bladder.
In this category of patients, bladder oncology is two times more likely than those who have not been treated with irradiation of female organs.
Diagnosis
Inspection of the patient visual and palpation of the area of the bladder makes it possible to make an assumption about the pathological process in the area of the bladder.
Only large tumors are detected by palpation. Complaints of the patient help the specialist to decide what ways to conduct the research.
Methods of examination for a tumor in the genitourinary system:
- The cavity of the bladder is examined by the method of cystoscopy. The endoscope, penetrating into the interior, demonstrates the implication of the tumor as it spreads, its character. This method makes it possible to obtain material for a biopsy.
- X-ray examinations of the organ are performed using a contrast medium. Determine if there is a problem with filling the bladder. Also see this method of lungs to exclude the presence of metastases.
- Ultrasound is used very often. The method is accessible, painless and informative. In addition to the opportunity to learn about the presence, size, dislocation of education, it is also determined the depth of germination in the wall of the organ and the condition of the lymph nodes.
- Methods of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are able to provide detailed information about the tumor, its interaction with neighboring tissues, the possible emergence of metastases.
- When examining a urinalysis to detect a tumor in the bladder, it is checked for the presence of atypical cells. Such an analysis can replace cystoscopy, especially if it can not be done.
Treatment of tumors
Methods of care specialist selects, based on what size of the tumor, it is in one layer or sprouted into the wall of the organ, whether metastasis began.
Conservative treatment
Traditional therapy of the genitourinary system and bladder includes:
- Radiation therapy is used to disable pathological cells. She showed herself well with bleeding. More often this method is involved in complex treatment together with chemotherapy procedures.
- Chemotherapy is used very widely. It can be prescribed during the preparation for surgery to reduce the formation. After the removal of the cancer, the method is used necessarily to affect diseased cells that did not fall under the removal. If the organism is affected by the developed tumor so much that it is impossible to remove it, then chemotherapy is carried out to alleviate the condition and prolong the life of the patient.
- To strengthen the strength of the body to combat pathological processes, the patient is prescribed immunotherapy. The main means in this direction are:
- BCG vaccine,
- interferon.
Operational
This method is considered the main one. The faster the pathology is removed, the easier and less severe the procedure will be.
- Small tumors can be removed in a closed way. The procedure is performed using a catheter that passes through the genitourinary tract and enters the bladder cavity. The procedure is called transurethral resection.
- Through the incision, a larger pathology is removed. This method is now used infrequently. After the operation, a long rehabilitation is necessary.
- If the tumor process has covered the bladder so that there is no possibility to release it from the pathology, then removes the organ together with other tissues that are affected by tumors. In this case, plastic is made to remove urine into the intestine or the skin.
Cost of operations
| Name of procedure | Cost, rub. |
| Removal of the bladder without plastic | 97000 |
| Same with plastic, depending on the complexity | 117000 ÷ 234000 |
| Removal of the tumor by the closed method, depending on the complexity | 68000 ÷ 92000 |