The human intestine contains an endless number of bacteria that have a positive, negative and neutral effect on the organ's microflora and its function. When the balance of these bacteria is disturbed, a peculiar malfunction occurs in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, called dysbacteriosis.
This affects the functioning of the immune system and increases the likelihood of developing cancer.
The concept of
Dysbacteriosis of the intestine is a pathological condition in which the normal ratio of "good" and "harmful" microorganisms is disrupted.
Dysbacteriosis is not considered a disease, as it is rather a negative manifestation of other, more serious ailments that are present in the body. So, the discomfort of the GIT can indicate the presence of gastritis, gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, various intestinal infections.
With dysbacteriosis, the number of beneficial microorganisms and bacteria is rapidly declining, they simply die due to a sharp increase in the number of harmful microorganisms.
In this condition, a person not only disrupts the normal process of digestion, but also stops absorption of vitamins, fats. This in time leads to the progression of the disease, weight loss, and the development of severe anemia.
Causes of
Dysbacteriosis does not necessarily develop in people with health problems.
Enough in many cases, the problem can appear in adults and children who have never had any problems with the digestive system before.
The main reasons for the development of dysbiosis can be as follows:
- A sudden change in the type of nutrition;
- The use of poor-quality food;
- Incorrect intake of certain medications;
- Frequent use of antibiotics;
- Insufficient immunity of the immune system;
- Absence in the diet of vitaminized and sour-milk food;
- Recent intestinal infections;
- Having acute or chronic disease - gastritis, pancreatitis, others.
At the initial stages of development, dysbacteriosis can hardly claim itself. A person can only occasionally suffer minor pain in the abdomen, bloating, rare stool disorders.
Degrees
Like any other disease, dysbiosis can progress and aggravate the body. In medicine, there are 4 stages of dysbiosis:
- The first - is characterized by a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. At this stage, the problem is not aggressive, the symptomatology does not bother the person.
- The second - there is a sharp increase in harmful microorganisms, which in turn provokes the appearance of the first painful symptoms in the form of an intestinal disorder and bloating.
- Third - characterized by persistent damage to the intestinal mucosa. The process begins to take a more voluminous scale: the disorder of the chair acquires a chronic form, the patient's well-being rapidly deteriorates.
- Fourth - is the final and most dangerous. In this case, there is a strong depletion of the body, there is anemia, headache, nausea.
Symptoms in adults, children and newborns
Symptoms of dysbacteriosis in both children and men and women are approximately the same. However, it can differ in intensity and severity.
Symptoms in adults:
- Abdominal pain;
- Feeling of heaviness;
- Bloating;
- Flatulence;
- Diarrhea, followed by constipation;
- Feeling of increased discomfort.
Symptomatics directly relies on the degree of neglect of the disease.
Symptoms in children:
- Abdominal pain;
- Bloating;
- Stool disorder;
- Lack of appetite;
- Dark plaque on the teeth;Unpleasant odor from the mouth;
- The presence of a white coating on the tongue;
- Regurgitation of food;
- Nausea;
- Allergic reactions to the skin - flaking, redness, rashes;
- Hair loss;
- Nail polish;
- Bleeding gums;
- Severe;
- Fast fatigue.
Symptoms in infants up to one year:
- Abdominal pain;
- Bloating;
- Severe salivation;
- Characteristic bad breath;
- Stomatitis;
- Increased dryness of the skin.
- Allergy.
Dysbacteriosis of the small intestine
Dysbacteriosis of the small intestine begins to manifest itself in excess of its colonization. In this case, the microbial composition changes, which provokes a disruption of the normal functioning of the digestive tract.
When there is a small intestine dysbiosis, the pain is localized in the navel area. The additional symptomatology remains practically unchanged.
Dysbacteriosis of the large intestine
Dysbacteriosis of the colon is an extremely common pathology that breaks the microflora simultaneously in the stomach, duodenum, intestines. The disease can have a long-lasting character, take a more severe form and disrupt the normal lifestyle of a person.
What is the danger of the disease?
Dysbacteriosis is a problem that can significantly worsen the functioning of the body. It not only causes problems with digestion, but also significantly increases the risk of developing ARI and ARVI.
Also, dysbiosis can cause the following complications:
- Herpes;
- Fungal diseases;
- Cardiovascular diseases;
- Dental diseases;
- Exacerbation of existing ailments;
- Oncology.
Analysis of
In the presence of dysbiosis, the patient is assigned a feces analysis, he allows to study the intestinal microflora and determine the ratio of beneficial bacteria to harmful bacteria. The analysis is appointed by the doctor if the patient has a number of symptoms - pain and discomfort in the abdomen, an intestinal disorder, bloating.
Research on dysbacteriosis is carried out in a special laboratory on a fee basis.
Preparation for analysis of
Feces should be collected in a special sterile container. For the analysis will be enough 10ml. The main thing is to make sure that the urine does not get inside the container.
Before delivery of a feces it is necessary to cancel reception of all possible or probable preparations - antibiotics, purgative, rectal suppositories.
No enema or X-ray irradiation should be done 12 hours before the test. Deliver the material for the study no later than 3 hours after the time of collection. Store the container before going to the laboratory is best in the refrigerator.
Decoding
Deciphering the analysis of feces allows you to determine the deviations that are present in the human body. So, the study of feces also allows the quality of the liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine.
Norm of analysis for dysbiosis:
| 108-1010 | |
| Bifidobacteria Lactobacilli | 106-1010 |
| Total E.coli | 106-108 |
| Bacteroides | 107-109 |
| peptokokki and peptostreptokokki | 105-106 |
| Staphylococci( haemolytic, plazmokoaguliruyuschie) | not more than 103 |
| Staphylococci( non-hemolytic, coagulase-negative) | 104-105 |
| Eubacteria | 109-1010 |
| Clostridia | 103-105 |
| Streptococcus | 105-107 |
| Yeast-like fungi | no more than 103 |
| Conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria and non-fermenting gram-mats | flax sticks no more than 103-104 |
must be remembered that the exact result that points to your status, can only be experienced and qualified doctor.
Price
The average price for the analysis of dysbacteriosis ranges from 900 to 1600 rubles. The cost of the research directly depends on the region of analysis, the qualifications of specialists, the rating of the laboratory to which you applied.
How to treat the disease in adults and children: therapy scheme
Treatment of dysbacteriosis in children and adults involves a comprehensive approach of measures that are aimed at normalizing microflora and improving the overall condition of the body.
For this, it is necessary to restore the natural balance of beneficial bacteria and remove toxins.
For the treatment of the disease, medicinal preparations are used, which can equally be combined with folk methods. No less important is the diet during the treatment period, as it is significantly able to reduce the load on the digestive tract.
Diet
Nutrition for dysbacteriosis includes several basic recommendations: the
- diet should begin after 2-3 days of complete starvation;
- prohibits the ingestion of products such as smoked meat, pickles, fat meats, buns, fresh fruits and vegetables.
- if the cause of dysbacteriosis was a prolonged intake of antibiotics, then patients should completely refuse to take products that cause increased formation of gases. You can take bread from bran, apple sauce, porridge;
- diet for children with dysbiosis, involves the exclusion of semi-finished products( shop juices, baggy cereals, and instant mashed potatoes);
- most useful for the child are yoghurts and kefir without additives, cereals in milk with low fat content. It is possible to take unsweetened tea, and over time, the child can be given slimy soups on vegetable broth.
Drugs
The approach to treatment of dysbacteriosis with drugs is complex. Patients may be prescribed:
- probiotics and prebiotics;
- vitamin complexes;
- preparations with bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.
At the first stage of therapy, it is required to rid the intestine of the alien microflora. Antibiotics may be prescribed, among which one of the most popular is metronidazole.
Suppress the action of pathogenic microflora following drugs:
- Enterol;
- Bactisubtil;
- sorbents.
The next important step in the treatment is taking probiotics. Among them:
- Linex;
- Bifidumbacterin;
- Lactobacterin;
- Bifiform.
In order for the healthy microflora to be well established, the doctor can prescribe such drugs:
- Lactofiltrum;
- Dufalac;
- Hilak-Forte.
In a separate group it is necessary to take out and rectal suppositories from a dysbacteriosis.
Drugs are given only individually. That's why you have to go to the clinic to prescribe any medications.
Folk remedies
Some doctors can recommend patients to take not only drugs, but also folk medicine.
This is explained by the fact that many medicinal herbs have a strong effect, including antibacterial, astringent and healing. Many of the drugs are used as a strong medicine, which can actively fight against pathogenic microflora.
Herbs
There are many different herbs that are suitable for the treatment of dysbiosis.
The most popular and proven method is the use of tinder. The broth is very effective.
No less good result demonstrates medicinal herbal preparations. They can be purchased at a pharmacy or collected independently.
You can only use the fees after a doctor's prior consultation.
Garlic
Garlic is suitable only for the treatment of dysbiosis in adults. It should be used as follows: one hour before breakfast and one hour after dinner, one must swallow a whole tooth. To enhance the effect, it is recommended to drink garlic with kefir.
Honey
This product is also great for treating dysbiosis in children. For one and a half months it is necessary to drink a glass of water with a spoon of honey dissolved in it twice a day.
Honey carries antibacterial action and helps to cope with the symptoms of dysbiosis. Also, honey is enriched with a number of useful properties, which makes it indispensable for treating an exhausted organism.
Kefir
Kefir is a folk remedy that perfectly helps both adults and children, including babies. The method of treating babies with kefir is as follows:
- it is necessary to take 80 ml of kefir, purchased in a dairy kitchen;
- kefir warm in a water bath;
- make the baby a warm kefir enema for the night.
This method is usually enough to completely rid the child of the disease. The syringe must first be boiled, the end of the enema is smeared with baby cream.
This method is applicable to cases where dysbacteriosis occurs in adults. But it is worth to increase the amount of kefir to 150-180 ml.
Treatment in infants
Treatment of dysbacteriosis in newborns is complex and fairly long. The package includes:
- reception of bacteriophages for the destruction of pathogenic microflora;
- reception of bifidobacteria for the formation of a healthy microflora;
- reception of mixtures with lactobacilli and fermented milk products.
Children who are breastfed are much less prone to dysbiosis, so such feeding can protect a child from a disease in the future.
Reviews about therapy
Sergey:
When there was a dysbacteriosis, the doctor appointed me Lineks and Duffalak, and also recommended to sit on a diet. In general, the main symptoms of the disease were gone within 4 days, they suffered from pain for a long time, but also got rid of them quickly enough. As I understand it, it was the complex of treatment measures that helped.
Anna:
My child had a dysbacteriosis when he was young. Appealed to the doctor and we were assigned a fairly small amount of drugs, which made me very happy. Treated only 3 weeks and generally forgotten about the disease.
Tatiana:
I had a dysbacteriosis before. Delivered a lot of problems. Now I'm sick with the flu and drink antibiotics. Along the way, the doctor recommended taking Echinacea tincture as a prophylaxis. Any signs of a dysbacteriosis are not present and it is not planned!
Features of Pregnancy
Dysbacteriosis during pregnancy can harm not only the woman, but also the child. The characteristic signs of the disease in pregnant women are as follows:
- pains in the near-belly region of the abdomen;
- bloat;
- nausea and vomiting( rarely);
- disorder of stools;
- presence of mucus in stool;
- rapid fatigue, malaise.
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
- Which doctor treats the intestinal dysbacteriosis?
In case the dysbacteriosis is detected in an adult, you need to contact the gastroenterologist. With children suffering from dysbiosis, it is worth turning to the pediatrician. - How long does the intestinal dysbacteriosis take?
Treatment of a dysbacteriosis can borrow or occupy the period from 2 weeks up to one and a half months. The duration of therapy can be negatively affected by patient negligence and self-medication. - The best drug for intestinal dysbiosis?
One can not single out the best drug from dysbiosis. Treatment of this problem is carried out in a complex manner.
Prevention
The most important method of prevention is timely and rational antibacterial therapy. In this way the patient can protect himself from the symptoms of dysbiosis and the development of the disease.
A frequent occurrence of a dysbacteriosis is a long reception of antibiotics. To prevent disease, the following measures are recommended:
- to feed on sour-milk products;
- start using antifungal drugs;
- take probiotics, polyenzymes and multivitamins.
A complex of medications must be prescribed by a doctor, it is not recommended to use any medications independently.
Video broadcast of Dr. Komarovsky's school about intestinal dysbacteriosis: