Cystitis is a bacterial infection that occurs when bacteria enter the bladder through the urethra. This painful condition is attributed to infections of the urinary tract of the lower part.
Cystitis is less common in men, due to the fact that their urethra is much longer than the female, and therefore, the bacteria need to go a long way to reach the bladder. Approximately every two hundredth representative of the stronger sex finds the corresponding signs.
Today we will review the cystitis in men, its symptoms, and also what medicines are used for effective treatment at home.
Causes of
Why does cystitis occur in men, and what is it? Most often, infection becomes the cause of cystitis. Bacteria penetrate into the bladder, mainly by the ascending path, that is, from the urethra, prostate gland, testicle or its epididymis, seminal vesicles.
In men, the urethra is rather long, narrow and curved. In addition, the mucous membrane and the epithelium of the bladder of men are able to resist microbes on their own. This explains the rarity of the disease in the stronger sex.
- Infectious cystitis in men, as a rule, develop against the background of urethritis, prostatitis, orchitis, vesiculitis, epididymitis.
- Specific cystitis is caused by mycoplasmas, chlamydia, trichomonads, mycobacteria tuberculosis, gonococcus.
- Very rarely, cystitis accompanies such diseases as purpura, actinomycosis and schistosomiasis.
Among other factors that increase the likelihood of developing cystitis in men, it should be noted diabetes, spinal trauma, transurethral surgery( resection of the prostate, urethral tumors, bladder), stress, hypothermia, alcohol abuse, spicy food.
Signs of the disease
The first signs of cystitis in men can be found independently, for this disease are characterized by:
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- increased urination;
- burning with urination;
- appearance in the urine of mucus, blood and pus;
- frequent desires;
- general weakness in the body, increased temperature( 37C).
Treatment of cystitis with antibiotics does not need to be postponed, as it is fraught with consequences and can give complications in the form of inflammation of the cellule near the bladder, cause a decrease in the size of the bladder, urinary incontinence and pyelonephritis.
Symptoms of cystitis in men
When developing acute cystitis, there are symptoms that a man should pay special attention to - frequent trips to the toilet for a small need. If urination is accompanied by pain and embarrassment, and urine itself becomes cloudy - this is an occasion to consult a urologist and be examined.
So, the main symptoms of cystitis in men is:
- urinate becomes painful, there is burning and stinging above the pubis;
- frequent urge to urinate, it is not always possible to pee;
- urine is excreted in small portions, in the end, blood can be released;
- there are signs of intoxication: weakness, fatigue, headache, decreased appetite;
- pain or discomfort above the pubis can appear outside the act of urination;
- sometimes urine is released spontaneously, but in small amounts;
- urine becomes turbid, it has a flocculent deposit, an unpleasant odor can be felt;
- can increase body temperature.
Complaints persist for 10-14 days, after which, in the absence of treatment, the transition of the acute form of cystitis into a chronic one is possible, when there are no symptoms at all, or they are present, but are weakly expressed.
Diagnosis
In order to understand how to treat cystitis in men, it should be properly diagnosed. In this case:
- Urinalysis by the Nechiporenko method.
- Inoculation of urine on microbes of the pathogen in order to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Uroflowmetry - a study of the process of passing urine through the urethra and its speed.
- Cystoscopy - internal examination of the bladder with an endoscope.
The success of cystitis treatment directly depends on the diagnosis and the cause of its development.
Complications of
The most serious consequences of cystitis are the occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux( when urine is bled from the bladder back into the ureters) and pyelonephritis.
Severe forms of cystitis( eg, gangrenous) can lead to the appearance of fistulas and inflammation of the peri-bubble cellulose. Inflammation in the area of the sphincter of the urinary bladder is sometimes accompanied by an acute urinary retention.
Treatment of cystitis in men
When the symptoms of cystitis were found, a man should begin treatment with certain medications, mostly antibiotics. They are appointed only by a specialist.
The general scheme of treatment of cystitis in men includes:
- It is necessary to drink a lot of fluid, up to three liters a day. Lie more. The diet includes a ban on salty, sour and spicy. If there is a fever, take antipyretics.
- Antibiotics .Assign after isolation of the pathogen and establish its sensitivity to the drugs. Usually these are tablets: nitrofurans( Furadonin), fluoroquinolones( Normax, Ciprolet A, Nolitsin), cephalosporins.
- Phytotherapy .It is mandatory for cystitis in men treatment should include plant diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as phyto-tea - bearberry tea, cranberry leaf, field horsetail.
Painkillers. Effectively relieve pain medications-antispasmodics( Papaverin, No-Shpa) and NSAIDs( Nimesil, Diclofenac). - If an STI is detected, is prescribed the appropriate drugs.
- Symptoms and treatment of cystitis depend on the concomitant diseases of , which most often are prostatitis, pyelonephritis, prostate adenoma, urolithiasis, adenomectomy.
- Bladder wash .Sometimes the patient is given this procedure with a special solution with antiseptics. This helps to quickly destroy the pathogenic bacteria inside the bladder.
- Physiotherapy .After the end of the acute period of inflammation, for resorption and early recovery, electrophoresis, UHF, ultrasound, magneto-laser therapy, mud treatment.
Cystitis in acute form is treated with antibacterial agents at home prescribed by the doctor. Also, such patients are recommended bed rest, a special diet and plenty of drink.
Treatment of the chronic form is more difficult, here you can not do without physiotherapy procedures and local antiseptic instillations. In this case, the therapy is aimed at improving the passage of urine and preventing reflux.
Antibiotics
The main medication is an antibiotic, because in most cases, the cystitis is caused by the bacterial flora. Groups of antibiotics that penetrate the mucosa of the bladder are fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics:
- Lomefloxacin;
- gatifloxacin;
- ofloxacin;
- ciprofloxacin.
Medicines of vegetable origin:
- kanefron;
- cyston;
- phytolysin;
- uronephron.
It is also important to follow a diet that will prevent an aggressive urine environment.
Catering for cystitis
Drinking is extremely important( about 2-2.5 liters per day).
Diet for this disease should be gentle and include products that primarily have a diuretic effect - watermelon, melon, pumpkin, cucumber, cranberries and other vegetable food. Also allowed to eat milk, cottage cheese, unsalted cheese, bran, whole grain bread, cereal.
Alcohol, salty, fatty, spicy, fried foods, fast food, as well as sour fruits and berries( exception - cranberry) are strictly forbidden in the period of illness.