Hematuria is a common pathology characterized by the appearance of blood in the urine of a sick woman in excess of the physiological norm. It is commonly believed that this phenomenon is one of the most typical symptoms of kidney and urinary system diseases.
Modern medicine knows more than 100 pathologies, to some extent contribute to the development of hematuria. At the same time, some of them are chronic diseases, and some are urgent conditions requiring emergency medical care.
In this article, we will try to make out the most common reasons for which women have blood in their urine, what it can be, and how to treat this problem, read just below.
Classification
The amount of blood in the urine is as follows:
- Microhematuria - a small amount of red blood cells is determined only in laboratory tests. This indicator is important in the treatment of kidney diseases - glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and kidney failure.
- Macrogematuria - the presence of red blood cells can be seen not with the eye - it's the macrogematuria that the patient can see on his own, already 1 ml of blood per 200 ml of urine, enough to change the color to pink or red.
A healthy person's urine is a light yellow or almost colorless liquid and any changes in color, impurities and a persistent unpleasant odor are signs of internal diseases. If the appearance of blood in the urine is accompanied by pain, the cause of the pathology most often are diseases of the organs of urination and urination - glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, urethritis and so on.
Painless micturition and red color of discharge may be a sign of cancer or injury to internal organs.
Causes of the presence of blood in the urine
Possible diseases that result in blood on urination in women of young or advanced age:
- cystitis;
- urethritis;
- pyelonephritis;
- endometriosis of the urinary system;
- tumors and polyps of the bladder;
- genito-urinary infections;
- idiopathic hematuria of pregnant women;
- injury or severe kidney injury;
- urolithiasis( formation of kidney stones);
- reception of anticoagulants;
- traumatic urethral injury after catheterization or cystoscopy.
Blood in the urine of a woman in the prevailing majority of cases indicates pyelonephritis or cystitis - common pathologies of the urinary system.
Causes of blood in the urine in women can also be covered in bladder endometriosis, when cells lining the inner layer of the uterus grow into the walls of the bladder. During menstruation, these cells begin to bleed, and the blood directly enters the urine.
For women, so-called benign hematuria is common, often observed during pregnancy. Explanations of this phenomenon is not yet - it is assumed that the increase in the uterus leads to compression of the urogenital tract and their microtraumatization.
Urolithiasis
In body movements, stones are pressed against the walls of the ureter and a lot of blood enters the urine. The urine has a uniform, not bright, and a darkish-red hue. Blood penetrates into urine not at the very beginning of urination, as with damage to the urethra, but gradually. This symptom is a direct indication of the presence of kidney stones, and possibly glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, tumors, polycystosis or kidney trauma.
Depending on the structure and density of the stones, they are crushed or surgically removed. Preparation for these procedures includes antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Cystitis
It is an inflammation of the bladder, which can take an acute or chronic form. This causes frequent, sometimes false urge to urinate, in the urine there are impurities of blood, as well as patients complain of constant or periodic pain in the lower abdomen.
Cystitis may develop due to local hypothermia, in the presence of inflammatory processes in the vagina, due to non-compliance with personal hygiene, with venereological, gynecological or urological pathologies.
Antibiotics( norfloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone) are prescribed for treatment, anti-inflammatory therapy( paracetamol, nimesil) is performed. Also, activities aimed at improving the outflow of urine are needed, for which antispasmodics( no-shpa, drotaverin) and diuretics( furosemide) are used.
Urethritis
This is another very common cause of blood in the urine. This disease develops due to inflammation of the walls of the urethra. Thus patients complain of sharp pains at an emiction, from a urethra there are poor allocation mucus-purulent character, and admixtures of blood are found out in all portions of urine.
Principles of treatment are the same as for cystitis. Additionally, solutions of antiseptics are used, with the help of which the urethra is rinsed.
What should I do?
Most women, having found out blood in their urine, will experience great anxiety. And right. In no case should you try to diagnose yourself and be treated yourself. It is necessary as soon as possible to make an appointment with a urologist.
Usually appoint in such cases ultrasound examination of urinary organs, a general analysis of blood and urine, blood sugar level, the level of creatinine in the blood. Since it is important to understand the part of the urinary system from which blood is drawn to make the diagnosis, the doctor will interview the patient in detail and examine it.
After determining the cause of urination disorders, a highly qualified doctor will select individual complex treatment:
- When bladder infection is diagnosed, antibiotic therapy is prescribed;
- When the urethra is infected, antibiotic therapy is prescribed;
- In nephropathy in kidneys, surgery is prescribed;
- In the case of an autoimmune disease or infection, drug therapy is used;
- With urolithiasis, ultrasound is used or surgery;
- In cases of bladder ailments, such as neoplasm or polyp, surgical treatment is used;
- In trauma, it is medical therapy and, often, surgery.
Prevention of the occurrence of disorders associated with the process of urination:
- Systematic examination by specialists;
- Immediate treatment of genital infections;
- Protected intercourse;
- Pelvic floor muscle training;
- Maintaining a healthy weight;
- The correct daily routine and diet.
The appearance of suspicious symptoms, in particular a change in the color of urine, the appearance of blood in it should not be ignored. It is better to go through the examination to determine the cause of the change in the color of urine. If, after carrying out a general urine test, no pathological changes are detected, then the unusual color of urine is more likely the result of taking medications or products that contain food coloring.