Manifestations caused by diseases of the intestine are a delicate topic, people who are ill become reluctant to consult a doctor. But in vain, because problems in the early stages, as a rule, are more successful in treatment. At the same time, neglected diseases can have dangerous consequences.
Reasons for
Intestinal pathologies are caused by factors of different nature.
Bowel diseases often arise from a set of causes, among them may be:
- genetic predisposition,
- lifestyle management with low physical activity,
- susceptibility to stress,
- bacterial and viral intestinal infections,
- immunologic disorders,
- smoking and other bad habits,
- as a result of taking certain medicines, in the first place such an effect can cause a long-term intake of antibiotics;
- improperly formulated diet.
First signs of
Symptoms indicating intestinal problems:
- rumbling,
- stool disorders,
- pain in the intestine area.
List of
The intestine is an organ that has a duration of several meters and two main compartments:
- small intestine,
- large intestine.
The last branch, in turn, consists of many departments. Depending on the dislocation of inflammatory processes, the disease is called:
- sigmoiditis - the problem is in the sigmoid colon,
- ileitis - the same in the ileum,
- colitis - the same in the colon,
- proctitis - the same in the rectum,
- appendicitis -the same in the appendix,
- etch - the same jejunum,
- tiflitis - the same cecum,
- enteritis - the same small intestine,
- duodenitis - same fine and duodenal ulcers.
For characteristic disorders of intestinal pathology are divided into such diseases:
- lesions of the colon:
- diverticulosis,
- tumors,
- dyskinesia,
- ulcerative colitis,
- irritable bowel syndrome,
- dysbacteriosis,
- hemorrhoids,
- obstruction;
- Small Bowel Disease:
- Tumors,
- Enteritis;
- Crohn's disease - pathology covers both the thin and thick parts of the intestine.
Diseases of the small intestine and their symptoms
The small intestine is responsible for the nutrition of our body at the cellular level. The main disturbance or impairment that occurs in the pathology of the small intestine is the weakening of the suction functions.
Diseases of the small intestine manifest themselves through such signs:
- rumbling in the intestinal region,
- frequent loose stool, in which there are no mucus and blood blotches;the characteristic components of stool in diseases of the small intestine are the remains of undigested food;
- pain in the navel or on the right side of the abdomen,
- bloating.
Eosinophilic enteritis
Disease is an inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. As a result of inflammatory processes, the possibility of absorbing nutrients for the worse is changing. Functional discord leads to the state of intolerance of individual products.
Possible consequences of the disease:
- in the stool is found to exceed the norm of neutral fats( steatorrhea),
- inadequate presence of iron in the blood( anemia).
Pathology provokes:
- pet parasite,
- helminthic invasion,
- food allergy,
- intestinal obstruction.
Whipple's syndrome
The disease has an infectious nature. The lymphatic system located in the area of the small intestine is affected. The defeat consists in blocking the elements of the system with mucopolysaccharide bacterial complexes.
Main manifestations:
- steatorrhea,
- severe diarrhea,
- anemia,
- significant weight loss.
The disease is based on the disorder of lipid metabolism. Pathology is a rare occurrence. The metabolic disorder associated with the absorption of fats leads to severe thinning.
Small bowel cancer
In the small intestine, malignant tumors are rare. Among the formations in the area of the gastrointestinal tract, cancerous tumors of the small intestine account for one percent.
Malignant formations are formed from pathologically altered cells of the small intestine. Progression of pathology leads to the spread of tumors to neighboring organs.
The problem is difficult to determine, because the symptoms of the disease coincide with the main signs of the pathology of the small intestine. More often, tumors that are in the early stages, are found during surgical interventions.
The consequence of non-treated cancer in the small intestine is obstruction of the organ. This situation is accompanied by symptoms:
- vomiting,
- bloating.
Diseases of the large intestine and their symptoms
The large intestine carries the function of absorbing certain substances, as well as removing remnants of processed foods from the body.
The problems of this organ denote themselves by discomfort in the lower abdomen. Symptoms of the problem are similar to common signs of bowel disease.
This:
- rumbling in the abdomen,
- pain is felt in the anus, often pain symptoms are observed in the lateral parts of the organ;
- bloating,
- but when there are violations of the stool, namely diarrhea, there are observed in the discharge of blood and mucus;
- from the anus can be a mucus secretion,
- a person has an incontinence stool.
The disease has general symptoms:
- depletion,
- lack of strength,
- impaired sexual desire.
Colonic dyskinesia
A common disorder that indicates that the intestine works with motor problems, which leads to various difficulties in promoting food.
This can occur because of such factors:
- psychogenic disorders,
- improper diet,
- endocrine diseases,
- functional disorders in the work of other digestive organs.
Symptoms are mostly characteristic of bowel disease:
- rumbling,
- stool disorder,
- bloating,
- pain in the intestinal region.
Diverticular pathology
Disease is a process where the sinus appears in the intestine. Diverticula - such protrusions on the surface of the large intestine. This is due to the weakness of the walls and the willingness to form such protrusions.
Code of the disease according to ICD 10 is designated K57.
The disease can lead to complications:
- the appearance of an inflammatory tumor,
- perforation in the sites of bulging walls can provoke peritonitis.
Chronic Colitis
Inflammatory process on the intestinal mucosa is called chronic colitis. Pathology leads to various changes in the intestinal wall.
Symptoms:
- rumbling,
- flatulence,
- acute abdominal pain after eating,
- stool disorder is unstable: there may be constipation, and then it is replaced by diarrhea;
- weak state of health,
- in the mouth, bitterness is felt,
- deterioration of appetite.
Nonspecific ulcerative colitis
The disorder is caused by an immune malfunction. Why he appears, the experts have not yet found an answer.
In this pathology, the intestinal walls are affected by the inflammatory process, which also has a diffuse and ulcerative characteristic.
The disease manifests itself as symptoms:
- stool is more often liquid, although there may be constipation,
- bleeding,
- general malaise,
- pain in the intestinal region.
Pathology causes sequelae:
- intestinal wall perforation,
- bleeding,
- colon cancer,
- polyps.
Colon cancer
Tumor occurs on the surface of the mucosa and spreads along the lining wall. The disease has a share in the total number of oncological diseases - five percent.
To the common symptoms of bowel disease you can add:
- constipation,
- in the stool is present blood,
- is thinning,
- is a common ailment.
The tumor is treated with a surgical removal, otherwise the prognosis is unfavorable.
General
A group of bowel diseases is called a common pathology, because they are characterized by a certain disease of the walls or part of the intestine.
Crohn's Syndrome
Inflammation extends to all layers of the intestine. In addition, the affected bowel is only part of the diseased organs. In the chronic course of the disease, the pathological process covers both the esophagus and the stomach.
In the intestine there are places with a narrowed lumen. The mucous surface, the lymphatic system of the intestine is affected.
Consequences:
- elevated temperature,
- fistula formation,
- skin rashes,
- worsening liver function,
- vision loss,
- joint damage.
Ischemic pathology
Pathology is associated with vascular disease in the walls of the intestine. As a result, their constriction may occur, organ tissues do not receive nutrition, and oxygen starvation may occur.
Symptoms:
- pain in the abdomen,
- blood stains in the stool,
- general malaise,
- nausea,
- accelerated peristalsis.
The consequences of the pathology may appear:
- thrombus in bowel wall vessel,
- malnutrition or complete absence of it on separate sites contributes to tissue death,
- intestinal dysfunction.
Adhesive process
Adhesions occur as a consequence:
- of a prolonged inflammatory process in the intestinal wall,
- complications after surgery,
- ischemia of organ tissues.
Symptoms of the pathology that will supplement the common signs characteristic of intestinal disease:
- worsening stool progression and bowel release,
- signs of bowel dysfunction due to necrosis of its individual patches.
Intestinal sphincter problems
The sphincter is responsible for regulating the excretion of stool. The reasons that are capable of initiating a violation in his work are a great variety.
Symptoms of the disease:
- pronounced pain during defecation,
- presence of blood inclusions in the stool,
- false desires,
- pain can give to neighboring organs. Timely treatment has a good prognosis.
In children
In childhood, there are deviations in intestinal health, characteristic for this period.
Syndromes:
- exudative enteropathy,
- inadequate digestion,
- inadequate absorption.
Diseases - malformations resulting from inadequate or abnormal organ development, including during prenatal period:
- doubling of the intestine,
- anorectal anomalies, intestinal stenosis;
- bowel rotation is an abnormality of development;
- congenital megacolon.
To diseases of a functional nature are:
- spastic colitis,
- irritable bowel syndrome.
How to diagnose?
It is important to get a complete picture of the disease, its location, the nature of the lesion.
For this purpose, the following investigations are being carried out:
- capsular endoscopy makes it possible, among other things, to detect Crohn's disease;
- colonoscopy allows you to see all parts of the intestine;
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging - detailed and qualitative diagnosis of the organ;
- upper endoscopy allows you to make an examination of the small intestine;
- X-ray can determine the parameters of the pathology.
Also specialists for the diagnosis prescribe tests:
- blood,
- feces.
Methods of treatment
Assistance in detecting the disease can be medicated. Specialists prescribe the administration of drugs in this direction:
- immunostimulants,
- anti-inflammatory,
- agents-agents capable of making disease modification,
- antibacterial.
The specialist can advise the spa treatment.
Diet
The diet in diseases of the intestine is part of the treatment procedures. Therefore, you must adhere to the rules of healthy nutrition:
- in the menu does not include products with coarse fiber;
- prohibits spicy, salty foods and fried foods;
- shows frequent fractional food intake,
- dairy products consume a little,
- drink water in sufficient quantity.
Prevention
Precautions to avoid provoking intestinal diseases:
- observe personal hygiene, including washing products and hands;
- to abandon bad habits,
- correctly to make a diet,
- not to swim in water bodies, which special services were not checked for the absence of harmful substances;
- lead an active lifestyle.