Chronic gastritis - symptoms and treatment

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Gastritis - inflammation of the mucosa( inner) wall of the stomach. When the inflammation passes to the duodenum, so-called gastroduodenitis is formed.

There are two types of gastritis and gastroduodenitis: with reduced and high acidity of gastric juice.

Chronic gastritis is a disease with a recurrent inflammatory process in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach, accompanied by a violation of the regeneration of the epithelium and the development of atrophy, which inevitably leads to the development of secretory insufficiency followed by a variety of digestive disorders. Symptoms and treatment, as well as a description of the diet will be considered in this material.

Reasons for the

What is it? Among the main causes of the development of chronic gastritis specialists distinguish the following factors :

1. Receiving coarse food, marinades, smoked food, spices and spicy condiments. All this has a disastrous effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
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2. Frequent consumption of over-heated food and hot drinks( coffee, tea).All of the above causes irritation of the stomach, which has a thermal character.
3. Continuous uncontrolled use of medicines that irritate the gastric mucosa( we are talking about salicylates, some antibiotics, sulfonamides and others).
4. Irregular intake of food, unduly quick chewing, habit is "dry".
5. Alcohol dependence. Alcoholic drinks have an extremely detrimental effect on the work of gastric spasm formation, worsen the regeneration of epithelial cells of the mucous membrane, and causes blood circulation problems. Simultaneous reception of a considerable amount of alcohol can provoke an erosive gastritis.

Sometimes chronic gastritis is nothing but a result of the development of acute gastritis, however, most often it arises and develops under the influence of all sorts of factors.

Antral gastritis

Antral chronic gastritis is caused by the presence in the human body of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It negatively affects the glands in the stomach and damages its mucous membrane. In some cases, such processes are accompanied by violations of an autoimmune nature.

One form of the gastritis in question is of a dysteric-dystrophic nature. This causes the inflammatory process in the mucosa and its scarring. It, in turn, leads to difficulty in the movement of food from the stomach to the duodenum. Anti-Helicobacter antibiotics, antacids, regenerating and anesthetics are necessarily included in the treatment.

Atrophic gastritis

Atrophic chronic gastritis - type A, in which the number of gastric glands decreases, the acid-forming function decreases. Atrophic gastritis is a precancerous condition.

Is manifested by the severity and dull pains in the stomach, nausea, heartburn, dyspepsia, anemia. Since 90% of gastric atrophy is associated with exposure to Helicobacter pylori, specific treatment usually involves eradication of the infection. Also, substitution and symptomatic therapy, sanatorium treatment and physiotherapy are prescribed.

Symptoms of chronic gastritis

In the case of chronic gastritis, symptoms in adults may differ depending on whether the disease leads to an increase or a decrease in the acidity of the gastric juice.

1. Patients with chronic gastritis with high acidity have such symptoms - abdominal pain, belching sour, heartburn, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating, constipation.
2. For chronic gastritis with low acidity are characterized by burning pain after eating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, belching air, flatulence and rumbling in the abdomen.

Among the common symptoms found in patients with chronic gastritis, the most common are irritability, weakness, fatigue. Sometimes there is a palpitation, pain in the heart, lowering blood pressure.

A prolonged course of gastritis can lead to a gradual weight loss, frequent occurrence of intestinal disorders, diarrhea, constipation. Extensive lesion of the gastric mucosa leads to the fact that the body ceases to fully absorb the nutrients obtained from food. As a result, a person develops anemia or anemia, associated with a lack of vitamin B12 in the body.

On the background of the disease can be observed: lower blood pressure, headaches, pale skin, numbness of the limbs, disruption of the heart, dizziness, even to the point of syncope. Depending on the form of the disease will directly depend on how to treat chronic gastritis, and what diet should be observed.

Symptoms of exacerbation of chronic gastritis

A patient suffering from gastritis should immediately seek medical help if he finds the following signs:

1. Pain in the upper abdomen is prolonged, aching, worse after eating, in some cases subsiding after vomiting. Pain is associated with damage to the mucous( inner) shell of the stomach and stretching its walls with gastric contents.
2. Headache, weakness, palpitation, increased body temperature - signs of intoxication accompanying the inflammatory process of the gastric mucosa;
3. Dry mouth after vomiting;
4. Increased salivation;
5. Unpleasant taste in the mouth;
6. Weight Loss;
7. ; Disorders of appetite;
8. Nausea or vomiting;
9. Diarrhea or constipation;
10. Blood in fecal masses( with erosive form of gastritis);
11. Heartburn;
12. Inflammation of the intestine;
13. Belching, etc.

Severity of these symptoms is individual for each patient. Pain, during an exacerbation of a chronic gastritis, can disturb the patient constantly or appears periodically. In some patients, it appears only on an empty stomach or before meals, and someone appears after some time after eating.

Prevention of exacerbations of

To prevent exacerbations of chronic gastritis, it is necessary to adhere to therapeutic nutrition. It is recommended to eat food often, in fractional portions, to avoid overloading the stomach. It is also worth giving up smoking and drinking alcohol, as factors that affect the secretory function of the stomach.

In the period of well-being with increased or normal gastric secretion, it is possible to take mineral water courses that oppressively act on gastric secretion: "Luzhanskaya", "Borjomi", "Slavyanovskaya", "Moskovskaya".

Periodically, according to the doctor's recommendations, it is necessary to take such medications as vikalin, gastropharm, de-nol.

Treatment of chronic gastritis

Treatment of the disease in adults includes a whole range of procedures, and therapy is selected individually for each patient, taking into account the type of gastritis detected, the stage of the disease and the presence of concomitant diseases. Usually patients are treated on an outpatient basis, but sometimes, with severe exacerbations and complications, hospitalization in the hospital may be required.

First of all, it is necessary to eliminate external factors, the impact of which led to the development of the disease, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, poor nutrition.

Therefore, chronic gastritis is based on diet therapy, and the diet is also selected depending on the type of violation of gastric secretion.

Drug treatment

For gastritis caused by the microbial Helicobacter pylori, antimicrobial therapy is used. There are several standard treatment regimens for adult patients, including:

1. Antibiotics;
2. IPP( omez, nolpaz, pariet, emanera - substances used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases associated with the release of hydrochloric acid);
3. Preparations of bismuth( de-nol, ventrisol).

In the absence of Helicobacter pylori and increased secretory function of the stomach:

1. Drugs that reduce the acidity of gastric juice( Almagel, phosphalugel, gelusil-lac, maalox, etc.)
2. Medicines that protect the mucous membrane: sucralfate, bismuth dicitrate( also has antimicrobialaction in relation to Helicobacter pylori).

In the case of diagnosing reflux gastritis, the list of medications includes prokinetics. Their task is to normalize the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Such drugs can also be included in the program of treatment of chronic autoimmune gastritis.

With this diagnosis, the patient is required not to reduce gastric acidity, but, on the contrary, to stimulate the secretion of gastric secretion, which is helped by special medicines. Enzyme preparations will help to improve digestion.

Diet for chronic gastritis

One of the main elements of treating the disease is diet. In the period of exacerbations of chronic gastritis it is impossible to do without sparing dietary nutrition. It is at this time that incorrect nutrition causes pain, intensifies the dyspeptic disorders inherent in this disease. It is necessary to reduce the likelihood of irritation of the inflamed walls of the stomach.

Depending on the nature of the secretory function of the stomach, an adult should adhere to one of two diets.

1. With gastritis with normal or increased secretion of of gastric juice - diet №1a is prescribed( up to 7 days), then - diet №16( up to 14 days), and for 3 months diet №1 is stretched. When these diets are observed, the patient is given a liquid or a grinded diet, vitamins( ascorbic acid, riboflavin) are additionally administered. It is forbidden to drink alcohol, juices, coffee, strong tea, spicy fatty foods, canned food, beans, peas.
2. In chronic gastritis with insufficient gastric secretion of - compliance with diet number 2 is shown. The food in this case is fractional, the food is taken in a well-ground and cooked form, and the reception of coffee, tea, juices, vegetable cooks, meat broths, meat and fish of low-fat varieties provides stimulation of the secretory function of the stomach. Due to insufficient production of gastric juice, foods that are rich in vegetable fiber, namely grapes, radishes, dates, as well as sharp, smoked and very salty foods, cold drinks, dough products are excluded from the diet. Do not recommend whole milk, cream, porridge from buckwheat and pearl barley, beans, pickled vegetables, mushrooms, carbonated drinks.

With the remission of ( significant weakening or disappearance of signs of the disease) dietary recommendations become less stringent:

1. Elimination of acute, fatty, fried, smoked food, canned food, carbonated drinks.
2. The food should be mashed, steamed, boiled or stewed. Fresh fruits and vegetables are excluded. Of fruits, you can only bananas.
3. Food should be warm - 40-50 ° C. Cold and hot food is excluded.
4. The volume of liquid to be drunk must be at least 1.5 liters per day.
5. All products must be thoroughly chewed.
6. You can not overeat and rush, snacks "on the go" and eating dry.
7. Alcohol and smoking are excluded.

Sanatorium treatment is indicated for patients with chronic gastritis outside the stage of exacerbation. It is held at the resorts of Arzni, Borjomi, Jermuk, Dorokhov, Druskininkai, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Krainka, Mirgorod, Pyatigorsk, Truskavets, etc.