Sore throat in combination with a cold is considered a common ailment. Most often it indicates a viral pathology. However, sometimes it is the result of allergies and other anomalies. To cope with the disease, you need to determine its causes.
Sore throat and runny nose
These symptoms are usually caused by infection with viruses. Infection occurs when the pathogen contacts the cells of the epithelium of the mucous membranes.
Then the virus spreads over the mucous. As a consequence, the vessels expand, the synthesis of mucus increases, fluid accumulates in the tissues.
At first, the nasopharynx and larynx suffer. Therefore, the first symptom is a sore throat.
Then comes the runny nose, cough. As the disease develops, the viruses adapt and affect large areas.
Infectious agents
The most common infection is airborne. Many viruses are also transmitted by bodily contacts. Pathogens can be quite a lot.
Influenza viruses
This virus spreads gradually to the mucous membranes. In this case, it does not affect the nasopharynx completely, but creates islands of infected tissues.
Parainfluenza
This category of viruses affects mainly the larynx. Therefore, the main sign of pathology is a rough cough and hoarseness in the voice, perspiration. It is imperative to diagnose a disease in time, because it is capable of leading to a false rump.
Rhinoviruses
The main sign of infection with this virus is an intense cough that occurs against the background of normal temperature. Also for pathology is characterized by severe rhinitis, sneezing. In the absence of therapy, there is a risk of bronchitis and sinusitis.
Adenoviruses
When infecting such an infection, the first symptoms are severe rhinitis and conjunctivitis. If such manifestations occur, you should immediately contact a specialist, since there is a risk of complications. Against the background of the weakening of immunity, not only the respiratory organs suffer, but also the intestines, spleen, kidneys. Liver and brain can also be affected.
Reoviruses
When ingested, these viruses cause an inflammatory nasopharyngeal lesion. A person has rhinitis and cough. Also, patients are confronted with nausea, changes in the digestive process, pain in the tonsils.
Types of viruses and infection symptoms
Reasons for
The onset of these symptoms is related to the influence of such factors:
- hypothermia;
- bad habits;
- problems with blood circulation in the mucous membranes associated with vascular pathologies or hormonal changes;
- bacterial pathology;
- allergic reactions;
- viral infections;
- irritation with harmful substances;
- increased dryness of air.
How to ease the condition at home
To speed up the recovery process, you need to adhere to these recommendations:
- to eat properly and balanced;
- take vitamin preparations;
- much to drink;
- to ventilate the room;
- gargle and rinse the nose with medicinal solutions;
- fully rest.
How to quickly cure a sore throat and runny nose:
Diagnosis
To determine the cause of the symptoms, it is worthwhile to see a doctor. The specialist should conduct a patient interview and assign additional studies.
Required analyzes
The list of mandatory procedures includes:
- examination of the larynx;
- swab from the throat;
- general blood test.
Additional studies
Often there is a need for such procedures:
- listening to the respiratory system;
- chest and neck radiography;
- assessment of the level of acid in the esophagus;
- measurement of pressure in the esophagus;
- tests for HIV infection;
- esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
About the causes of sore throat, see in our video:
Treatment of
There is no specific therapy for viral pathologies. Because doctors usually prescribe symptomatic medications. Under normal conditions, the body must cope with the disease on its own. To do this, the patient should provide a plentiful drink, clean and cool air, a normal level of humidity.
If strong nasal congestion is observed, vasoconstrictive drugs may be used. If the breath remains normal, and the discharge from the nose has a very thick consistency, it is worth using moisturizers. Doctors advise washing your nose with saline, and administer oily preparations at night.
To combat muscle and head pain, ibuprofen or paracetamol can be used. The same drugs can reduce the temperature. With pain in the throat is worth doing rinsing, inhalation, irrigation solutions of antiseptics. It is also useful to dissolve softening lollipops with analgesic action.
If the cause of the pathology is an allergy, you need to exclude contact with provoking factors. Cope with the symptoms will help drugs such as suprastin or claritine. Also, a doctor can choose other antihistamines.
Drugs that will help with throat diseases
Than the state of
is dangerous The most common complication of viral infections is the process chronology. Without adequate therapy, there is a risk of chronic tonsillitis, otitis, laryngitis. It can also develop sinusitis or frontalitis. To suspect data of a pathology it is possible on occurrence of pressure in a region of a nose and sinuses.
With the appearance of severe pain in the ears and hearing loss, we can talk about the development of otitis. Tonsillitis is also a common complication of the disease. About it testify the expressed pains at a swallowing, the increased lymphonoduses. If you do not treat angina, there is a risk of kidney disease and rheumatism.
With incorrect therapy, viral pathologies can provoke bronchitis. In this case, the temperature rises to 39 degrees and a strong cough appears.
A common consequence of such disorders is lymphadenitis, which is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. This condition can be accompanied by weakness, an increase in temperature.
How to cure a viral infection, the doctor says:
Forecast
Viral diseases usually have a favorable prognosis. As a rule, they pass fairly quickly. If a person has chronic illnesses or he does not follow the doctor's instructions, there is a risk of dangerous complications.
Prevention
To prevent infection with viruses, it is necessary to strengthen the body:
- Tempering. Thanks to this it will be possible to withstand colds.
- Eat a variety of food. This will enrich the body with vitamins. In winter it is worth taking infusion of dogrose, which will provide the body with vitamin C.
- Humidify the air. Excessive dryness of mucous membranes increases the threat of infection.
Sore throat and runny nose are considered common symptoms of viral pathologies. Quite often, these manifestations indicate an allergy. In any case, it will be possible to cope with the disease only after diagnosing and revealing the cause of this condition. Therefore, it is so important to consult a doctor in time, especially if the symptoms are observed in the child or during pregnancy.