Gastric adenoma refers to benign diseases and consists of tubular or villous structures. Adenoma usually affects people over 40 years of age and occurs in all individuals regardless of sex. The high incidence of this disease is noted in the inhabitants of Asia or Japan. The appearance of a tumor is associated with a certain inflammatory process in the stomach or other disorder. It is possible to distinguish such predisposing factors to the emergence of adenoma:
- heredity;
- bacterial infections;
- taking medicines.
At the initial stage of development, it is very difficult to recognize an adenoma, since there are no obvious signs. In some cases, there are symptoms of gastritis. Large tumors can cause gastric bleeding, cause gastric obstruction or vomiting. Tumors with a leg can jam, which leads to cramping pain in the abdomen.
It is possible to diagnose an adenoma with an X-ray or endoscopic examination. The tissue sample taken is studied under a microscope for atypical cells. Also feces for latent blood, ELISA and PCR are given.
In most cases, surgical removal of the tumor or resection of the stomach is prescribed. Small formations can be removed with the help of endoscopic access.
Small polyps that are not prone to malignancy can be treated with conservative methods: diet, full balanced nutrition, etc. This patient is constantly monitored, and with adverse changes, the tactics of treatment change.
Adenomatous stomach polyp
This gastric cancer is also called an adenomatous polyp. All polyps are divided into adenomatous and hyperplastic. Hyperplastic type is not considered a true tumor and does not go into malignant formation. It is found much more often than other species. The adenomatous polyp of the stomach is divided in its structure into:
- papillary;
- is tubular;
- papillotubular.
Tubular adenoma of the stomach
Tubular adenoma of the stomach is a benign formation that has a clearly limited shape and is characterized by slow growth. The color of this polyp is crimson. Usually, tubular adenoma affects the intestine, rarely sigmoid gland and stomach.
The tumor consists of a glandular branch, which is bounded by a connective tissue. The peculiarity of tubular adenoma is its ability to degenerate into malignant formations, therefore treatment should be carried out in a timely and rapid manner. In some cases, it can cause an obstruction of the digestive system.
Undifferentiated adenogenic stomach cancer
Undifferentiated adenogenic gastric cancer is considered the most aggressive form of malignant formation and quickly gives metastases to any organs and tissues.
There are such basic forms of adenogenic cancer:
- a low-grade cancer( solid, scirrus, mucous);
- adenocarcinoma.
The undifferentiated tumor is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth and in most cases affects the proximal part or the entire stomach. The morphological structure of the tumor is represented by glands and nuclei of irregularly shaped cells. The cancer of the stomach is formed in the epithelium of the mucous membrane and penetrates deeply into all layers, giving early metastases to the liver and lymph nodes.
The disease manifests itself in the late stage of adenoma development, which directly affects the effectiveness of treatment in the future. So a sick person can experience pressing pains in the abdomen, changes in taste and aversion to meat food. There is vomiting with blood, heartburn, belching, problems with appetite. There is an increased body temperature, a sharp decrease in weight, anemia and general weakness. A person becomes distracted and nervous.
An undifferentiated adenogenic cancer can be diagnosed using ultrasound, biopsy and computed tomography. X-rays, endoscopy, blood tests, urinalysis and other examinations are also prescribed.
For the treatment of gastric adenoma, only complex therapy is used, which consists of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. The removal of the formation itself and its metastases is carried out. After this, to improve immunity, the patient is prescribed a course of chemotherapy( or radiation therapy).
In the late stage of malignant process development, the treatment is mainly aimed at alleviating the condition and improving the patient's quality of life. Adenogenic gastric cancer is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis, but it can be successfully treated at the very beginning of its development.