Polyps in the gastrointestinal tract are epithelial formations on the walls of an organ with a smooth or segmented surface, attached using a thin or wide pedicle. Initially, the benign form of these formations as a result of the development of the disease can provoke stomach cancer. In principle, such a disease can be diagnosed at any age, but most often the development of the disease is observed in people over forty. Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic predisposition, chronic gastritis, unhealthy lifestyle create a favorable environment for the development of such neoplasms in the digestive tract.
How are polyps removed in the stomach?
The most common are hyperplastic types of formations, characterized by a smooth structure and visually not different from normal mucosa. As a rule, this kind arises in the presence of gastritis and after appropriate treatment is removed and no longer returns. Treatment of an adenomatous type is much more difficult. Its danger lies in the possibility of cell necrosis and internal bleeding. Due to the difficulty of identifying the lesions in the early stages, when conservative treatment is possible, the removal of these tumors becomes necessary.
Among the researchers, the prevailing view is that polyps in the digestive tract must necessarily be removed. Their presence in the digestive tract, even in the singular, conceals the danger of developing malignancy, that is, turning into a malignant tumor. If surgical intervention is made in a timely manner, then the consequences of removal of the polyp in the stomach are practically absent. With advanced disease, when the size of the build-up has grown to 3-4 centimeters, a cavitary operation with a further long period of recovery is necessary. Removal of polyps in the stomach occurs in three ways:
- An open surgical procedure is performed in the presence of vital indications and requires a long recovery treatment.
- Polypectomy, during which the build-up is cut mechanically by means of special biopsy forceps or diathermic loop. If surgical instruments are used, the operation is performed in a hospital with anesthesia. Cauterization with electric current can be carried out, both permanently and outpatiently. Local anesthesia is possible.
- Removal of polyps in the stomach by laser, although it is the most expensive method, at the same time of all methods of removal of such formations will be the most sparing. By evaporation of soft tissues gradually, layer by layer, it is possible to accurately calculate the penetration depth without touching the surrounding tissues. Seizure of blood vessels during laser treatment promotes rapid healing and the absence of scars.
Operation on polyps in the stomach
The need for carrying out the removal of polyps in the stomach is dictated primarily by the high risk of the transition of this formation to a malignant tumor and if the drug treatment does not give positive results. The choice of the method for removing the polyp in the stomach depends on the changes in the relief of the gastric mucosa, the number of tumors, the width of the foot on which the build-up is attached.
Endoscopic removal of stomach polyps is used to remove single polyps, as well as with a small area of damage to the epithelium of the stomach. Until recently, when detecting such formations, only an open operation was offered in a stationary setting with partial gastrectomy. Currently, an alternative is endoscopic polypectomy.
Performing both diagnostic and therapeutic functions, after removal of the polyp in the stomach, there are no visible effects on the stomach. An obstacle to such an intervention is some pathologies of the body, too large a size of this formation and its adenomatous structure. The operation is greatly facilitated when using a two-channel endoscope. In this case, the site selected for resection is pulled by forceps into the lumen of the loop and, including the current, the loop is welded to the mucosa, as if pressing into it. Gradually, the loop is tightened and, alternating between the cutting and coagulation regimes, the formation is cut off.
The polyp is removed 2-3 mm from the base of the leg. To remove the removed formations use the gripping forceps, with which the cut off new growth is pulled to the endoscope and, together with it, is extracted from the digestive tract. For more accurate determination of the location of the build-up, an alkaline solution is injected into the gastrointestinal tract or targeted irrigation is performed. The operation itself to remove the formation of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out by the method of loop electroexcision and consists of several stages:
- Examination of the neoplasm and selection of the technique of the operation.
- With a flat and in-depth form of education, an artificial "leg" is created.
- Enter the loop and install it correctly.
- Truncation and extraction of the tumor.
After removal of the polyp in the stomach
After removal of the build-up from the digestive tract, it is necessary to undergo dynamic monitoring to prevent bleeding. In principle, the operation on polyps in the stomach is not particularly difficult, but if the area of excision is large or with multiple build-ups, finding new growths in an uncomfortable place, for example at the bottom of the intestine, high risks are possible. Therefore, in these cases, choosing where to remove the polyp of the stomach, it is best to focus on known clinics. In this sense, the reputation of Israel's medical centers with respect to operations to remove these formations meets high international standards. After carrying out the procedure for removal of tumors, the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is injured and a special diet is recommended for feeding the patient. For complete healing of mucosal tissues, 10 to 60 days are required depending on the complexity of the polypectomy.
The first control examination after such a sparing operation is carried out, at least ten days later. To avoid recurrences and the possibility of the appearance of new growths, it is recommended to perform gastroscopic examinations, first 3 months after the operation, and then twice a year at a later time. If a biopsy reveals the presence of malignant cells in the polyp, partial or complete removal of the stomach is performed.
In general, a pre-biopsy before removal of the build-up is optional. Especially since it prolongs the time required for surgery, it can cause bleeding. However, without a pre-biopsy, it is possible to lose polyp when extracted, and destroying it on the spot, does not get the necessary information about the structure and composition. In this case, it is possible to get an outgrowth of a benign neoplasm into a malignant tumor.
After removal of the build-up, in addition to regular examinations, the doctor should continue to follow recommendations for eating healthy food, adherence to diet, to avoid a recurring effect and the development of cancer. Regardless of the type, size and quantity of tumors about whether a stomach polyp needs to be removed, the question should not be at all. In any case, one way or another, polyps should be removed.