Angina is an infectious disease in which pathological changes occur in the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. Most often found in people with reduced immunity.
Angina in a child
This disease can be single or group. Children of different ages are ill. Infants suffer from sore throat rarely, but suffer it painfully. There are several types of diseases:
- Primary. Independent disease. It is characterized by general intoxication and signs of lesions of the pharyngeal ring tissues.
- Secondary. Occurs in the background of another infectious or non-infectious disease.
By its nature, angina is divided into bacterial( catarrhal, follicular, lacunary), viral( herpetic) and fungal. The defeat affects the tonsils, which are a lymphoid tissue that protects the body from the invasion of various infections through the respiratory tract.
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Causes of
The main factors that cause the development of the disease:
- hypothermia,
- immunity decrease,
- infectious diseases,
- ailments of pharynx and nose.
The main factor in the onset of the disease in children is bacterial. It is caused by streptococci, staphylococci, adenoviruses. Almost 70% of patients with the disease is called beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A. It produces streptokinase, which melts the tissue. Immune cells can not be attacked, dying too soon. Then the body begins to develop special antibodies.
Symptoms of
The most common symptom is severe sore throat and fever. The latter is badly confused, and antipyretic agents act less time. The kid refuses water, becomes weak and sluggish, complains of a headache. Against the background of general intoxication, diarrhea and vomiting can develop. Gradually there is diffuse reddening of the pharynx tissues, arches.
With candidiasis and diphtheria angina, erosive bleeding surfaces appear. Lymph nodes, located on the neck and under the jaw, also become painful. Inflammatory process negatively affects the vocal cords. This leads to the hoarseness of the voice.
On the photo symptoms of angina
Treatment of
Angina lasts from 10 to 14 days, depending on the age. During treatment, various heating procedures are prohibited: compresses, steam inhalations. You can not use warming cream. While the suppurative raids do not stop, the temperature is very difficult to knock down. This can only be done for a few hours. But after 2-3 days, it begins to gradually decline.
Antibiotics are prescribed. Preference is given to penicillins, because they are the most effective for streptococcal infection. Appointed first-line drugs, but if the baby has an allergic reaction to them, then the appointment of macrolides, azithromycin and other species.
Additionally, treatment includes the intake of:
- antihistamines,
- vitamins,
- antiviral medications,
- immunomodulators.
The last two should be treated with caution. To supplement the treatment is allowed phyto-drugs, for example, Tonzilgon. This is a combined agent that has an anti-inflammatory effect in diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
General recommendations
Hospitalization is mandatory if there is:
- Intoxication of the body, which is expressed by convulsions, fever, severe nausea and vomiting.
- Complications. These can be rheumatic carditis, abscesses, phlegmon of the neck.
- Blood clotting disorders, diabetes mellitus, kidney failure.
Diagnosis
The examination begins with a doctor's examination. He looks at the following changes:
- redness of palatine arch,
- presence of vesicles and sores,
- enlargement of tonsils,
- appearance of congestion in lacunae of tonsils.
After examination, lymph nodes are probed and a blood test is administered. The latter shows the presence of a large number of white blood cells, an increase in ESR, and a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left.
This is observed in the bacterial form of angina. If the nature of the disease is viral, then a normal number of white blood cells can be noted, but an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes occurs.
Take a swab from the nose and mouth. Due to the bacterioscopic method, the causative agent of the disease is determined. The serological method reveals the presence in the blood of antibodies against β-hemolytic streptococcus. If they are many, the risk of complications increases.
How the throat looks with different forms of angina
Principles of treatment of
With angina, all treatment is aimed at fighting infection. Regardless of the type of illness, bed rest should be observed and contact with other children should be avoided. The room, where the patient is, should be well ventilated, several times a day, wet cleaning is carried out. The child should use a separate towel and dishes for the time of illness.
Optimal selection of drinking regime. Drinking plenty of liquid will speed up the removal of toxins. Recommended use:
- herbal decoction with rosehip,
- tea with lemon,
- mineral water.
Because the child has severe pain in the throat, this makes it difficult to eat. It is recommended to make grated soups, give milk products. All meals should be neutral temperature.
The treatment focuses on antibiotics( eg, flemoxin solute) and antipyretic drugs. Assign a means of general and local action( sprays and pills for pain in the throat), rinses, but their reception for children under 3 years remains problematic.
How to treat angina in a child, says Dr. Komarovsky:
Than a disease
In childhood, lymphoid tissue is more developed than in adults. Therefore complications arise more often. The main blow falls on the heart and kidneys. The defeat of the first occurs when the pathogen is too long in the blood of a sick child. This leads to the appearance of deposits of fibrin on the valves, which causes rheumatic heart disease.
With complications on the kidneys there is a violation of the formation and excretion of urine. In them, the pathogen begins to intensify. The consequence is pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis. If you do not notice in time, the consequence is a kidney failure.
Local complications occur in closely located organs. It can be:
- laryngeal edema,
- acute otitis media,
- acute cervical lymphadenitis,
- phlegmon neck.
Prevention
It should be remembered that the greatest risk appears when a combination of several adverse factors. These include a decrease in immunity, an increase in infectious agents, exposure to cold. All this increases the likelihood of developing angina in a child and relapse. To increase immunity simply by adjusting the diet and the treatment of the digestive tract.
Sanitary conditions are also important. If an adult falls ill with a cold, then he needs to wear a medical mask. At this time, the baby is better to wash the nose with salted water or fiz.solution.
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