What is the human pancreas? This elongated organ, whose length is 15-25 cm, thickness 2-3 cm and width 3-9 cm, its weight is 70-80 g. It is located in the abdominal region behind the stomach in the region of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, closely adjacent to the 12 duodenum.
The body has such a value in the processes of digestion and metabolism: it performs external and intrasecretory functions. The external secretory function is provided by the formation of pancreatic juice with digestive enzymes. By developing hormones, the body participates in the regulation of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism.
The body is conventionally divided into glandular tissue and a group of ducts. On the ducts, the synthesis of pancreatic juice is made towards the lumen in the 12 duodenum. What is the pancreas for man?
Let's briefly consider what the pancreas requires. Its performance has an effect on other internal organs. The main task of the body is the production of enzymes that take part in the digestion of food.
Intrasecretory function is associated with the production of hormones - liposin and insulin. The function of insulin is to regulate the volume of sugar in the blood and to participate in carbohydrate metabolism. Lipocaine stimulates the production of phospholipids in the liver, thereby oxidizing fatty acids. Due to a deficiency of lipocaine, fatty degeneration of the liver can occur.
The external function of the human pancreas is based on the production of maltase, trypsin, lipase, lactase and other enzymes necessary for the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Also allocated pancreatic juice, responsible for digestion of food and neutralization of acidic medium entering the 12 duodenum from the stomach.
It plays an important role, the products of its activity transform food into energy resources for the body. Even with minor malfunctions in the body, the production of enzymes and hormones is disrupted, which can disrupt the digestive, metabolic and thyroid gland processes. The problems that appear are difficult to treat.
To which glands is the pancreas, which one is it?
To the question: "What kind of gland is a pancreas person?- can be answered briefly and simply - it is a gland of mixed secretion, the secret of which simultaneously supports internal physiological processes and is developed on the surface of the body, acting on external organs.
That is, the body performs exocrine and endocrine functions. Exocrine functions include digestive enzymes( amylases, lipases, lactase, peptidases, etc.), including the hormone somatotropin.
The endocrine function is associated with the production of the hormone insulin and glucagon. And insulin is formed in beta, and glucagon - in alpha cells. Insulin is secreted into the blood( internal secretion).When the amount of glucose in the blood is exceeded, the insulin formed stimulates an increased intake of glucose, turning it into a reserve substance( glucogen).In the future, excess insulin will soon be destroyed. What is the pancreas composed of?
So what does the human pancreas consist of? The body includes a head, body, tail. In the inner part is the main flow, through which the produced juice enters the 12-colon.
The head is represented by a small process similar in shape to the hook. In comparison with the size of the tail and body, the head is thickened. At its level, the common duct of the gland is connected to the bile duct, which opens into the lumen of the duodenum.
The body consists of the front, back and bottom. In it passes a common duct, into which numerous additional ducts flow.
The tail has small parameters and a cone shape. In the tail is the bulk of cells that synthesize hormones.
What is the name of inflammation?
Almost every one of us knows what the inflammation of the pancreas is called is pancreatitis, which can be chronic and acute. Basically, the onset of the acute form of pancreatitis is associated with pain in the upper abdomen for up to several days. The pains are pronounced and permanent, they can spread into the back zone, providing a shingling action.
Chronic form of the disease is called inflammatory-dystrophic damage to the tissues of the body. At the same time there are aching pain in the upper abdomen and navel, growing after a large amount of fatty foods.
Dimensions of the head may increase, which may cause mechanical jaundice. Complicated such inflammation of the body can be destruction, the appearance of ascites and pseudocysts, filled with dead cells and pancreatic juice.
Interesting facts
Let's look at interesting facts about the pancreas of a person. It begins to develop on the 4th-5th week of embryo formation. It is laid in the area of liver development from the endotherm and mesenchyme.
The first owner of the artificial organ was a 4-year-old boy from Australia.
Another interesting fact - with the help of targeted therapy, it is possible to heal the pancreas. In the course of experiments on animals, it was found that weakened bacteria, affecting the organ, can deliver a radioisotope to the tumor. This has a detrimental effect on the tumor.
Human abdomen and pancreas
The human abdomen and pancreas are closely interrelated. The upper and lower parts of the body are covered with the peritoneum, and at the back of the organ there is no peritoneum. At the transition of the peritoneum to the anterior part of this organ, peritoneal folds are formed. Near the upper part of the body are a pair of folds( hepatic-pancreatic and gastro-pancreatic).
Sometimes the peritoneum is covered on all sides by the tail of the organ, which becomes mobile.