The thyroid gland is often subjected to various diseases, in which a biopsy procedure is necessary to clarify the diagnosis and picture of the pathology.
Unlike ultrasound diagnostics, biopsy helps to determine with 100% accuracy the degree of malignancy of the pathological process and the stage of its development.
Indications
A thyroid biopsy is indicated in situations where:
- A large node with a diameter of more than a centimeter has been detected;
- If education is growing rapidly, it grows 2 mm or more in half a year;
- If the thyroid gland has an excessively dense structure;
- If microcalcinates and an additional vascular network are found in glandular tissues;
- To determine the nature of autoimmune thyroiditis, as well as nodal formations.
Contraindications
In general, such a diagnostic procedure has no direct contraindications and, if necessary, it can be administered to any patient.
The only problems that can arise during the process are the need for general intravenous anesthesia for children with mental pathologies.
The question of intravenous anesthesia is complicated if the patient suffers from cardiovascular abnormalities. In such situations, the questioning of anesthesia is decided individually.
Types of
A thyroid biopsy may be performed in several ways:
- Open;
- Puncture.
Fine needle puncture biopsy under the supervision of US
The procedure for puncture biopsy of the thyroid gland is performed under ultrasound control, which allows the biopsy to be sampled with the greatest accuracy.
The essence of the procedure is to use a thin needle( cannula).The needle is inserted into the desired site of the thyroid nodule, the cannula canal is filled with glandular biomaterial, which is subsequently sent for cytology and histology.
Preparing for the
procedure No specialized training is required for the study. The main thing is to inform the doctor before the procedure:
- If you are taking any medications, the specialist should know their names and dosage;
- If there is an allergy to any medication, anesthetic drugs and other drugs and substances;
- On the existence of violations krovesverivayemosti about the presence of hemophilia and other blood disorders, on the intake of drugs that have a blood-thinning effect, etc.;
- Before the procedure, it is necessary to remove all cervical ornaments and dentures, if any.
If the thyroid biopsy is performed in an open way, then anesthesia is assumed, therefore, for at least 10-12 hours before the study, it is absolutely forbidden to eat any food and drink. After the procedure, the patient can return to the previous diet.
How is a thyroid biopsy done?
The procedure for puncture thyroid biopsy is performed in a hospital or private clinic.
- The patient is placed on his back, a roller is placed under his shoulders to make it easier to throw his head back and stretch his neck. As a result of this position of the body, the thyroid gland protrudes noticeably, which greatly facilitates the procedure for obtaining a biopsy specimen.
- To simplify the task and help the patient to relax, they can give him any sedatives. With puncture biopsy, anesthesia is not performed.
- When the patient is completely calm, the place on the neck where the needle is inserted is treated with a special antiseptic solution.
- During the procedure, you must not stir, swallow, talk, cough, etc.
- The procedure takes only 5-10 minutes.
In general, the painful procedure procedure of thyroid fine needle puncture biopsy is comparable to a stab in the buttock area.
After the procedure, a couple of days can be disturbed by minor painful discomfort in the puncture area.
If a biopsy specimen was taken with a thick needle, then you can remove the bandage in a few days. If there is soreness in the puncture site, then you can take an anesthetic, as it is necessary to consult the doctor in advance.
In the first day after the study, any physical exertion should be avoided, the puncture site should be protected from water ingestion and medical recommendations should be observed.
Consequences of
Thyroid biopsy refers to safe and practically non-complicating procedures. But in a number of circumstances, complications can still take place.
Most often they appear in increased bleeding or infection. Bleeding is considered a very dangerous consequence for people who have blood circulation problems.
If after thyroid biopsy diagnosis such symptoms appear, then you should immediately consult a doctor:
- Difficulty swallowing;
- Presence of signs of infection such as swelling, hyperthermia, fever, swollen lymph nodes, severe painful symptoms, etc.;
- Presence of unstable bleeding from the puncture site.
Results and their decoding
The obtained biomaterial is sent for histological examination, where it is studied under a microscope by cytologists.
Usually the accuracy of the diagnosis is 93-95%, and in other cases, the difficulty in diagnosis is due to the difficulty of sampling the biomaterial or excessive density of the thyroid node.
Thyroid biopsy results can be obtained 3-7 days after the procedure. In general they can show:
- Non-informative puncture;
- The presence of malignant cells in the thyroid nodule;
- The presence of a questionable or intermediate stage with changes characteristic of neoplasia;
- The presence of a node of benign nature.
Negative results of a biopsy study do not yet say that there is no endocrinological pathology. This often happens when the affected area does not fall into the area of the study.
It often happens that when biopsies of small nodes are less than a centimeter in diameter, the percentage of erroneous results increases, therefore, for small tumor sizes, thyroid biopsy is not practical.
Reviews
Zinaida:
When I had a tiny knot in my thyroid gland, I initially refused to have a biopsy. The reason for the refusal is banal - fear. I was terribly afraid of the puncture, so I did my best to avoid it. But when in half a year I again came to the endocrinologist, he literally dumbfounded me - the tumor increased by 1 cm, so a biopsy is extremely necessary to understand which cells the growing node consists of. With shaking prickles I lay down on the couch. But how great was my surprise when I was injected with a needle and took a biopsy. Yes, there was a feeling of painful discomfort, but no more than with a usual injection. The injection lasted no more than a couple of minutes, and the whole procedure takes 5 minutes. Therefore, there is nothing to be afraid of. And the consequences after the procedure are none. A bit of itch scratched the place, but on the second day it all passed. Just one tip - do not agree to perform a thyroid biopsy without ultrasound. The touch to get into the thyroid nodule is quite difficult.
Samira:
Did an aspirated biopsy of the thyroid gland approximately a year ago. She was scared terribly. But in reality everything went just amazing. Pain, as with an ordinary injection, honestly say, as for me, then the blood from the finger is more painful. No problems after the study did not arise, on the second day after the procedure, she removed the band-aid, there was only a barely noticeable point on the skin, which soon passed. In my case, the puncture showed the need for an operation. And they had time on time, with delay the tumor could give complications and metastases.
How much is it?
The prices for a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland average about 1500-9500 rubles. The final cost of the procedure depends on several factors:
- Whether ultrasonic testing is used or not;How many nodes the material is supposed to take;Whether
- will continue cytology or not;
- How quickly the results are expected.
Where can I do the analysis?
For conducting a puncture thyroid biopsy, it is recommended to contact qualified clinics and hospitals with extensive experience in rendering such diagnostic services.
The behavior of thyroid biopsies is handled by surgical endocrinologists, who usually have regional endocrinology centers and institutes.
Functionality of the thyroid gland depends on a lot of organic processes, therefore deviations in its work should become an occasion for an urgent visit to the endocrinologist. Often it is for this purpose that a biopsy is appointed - in order to conduct a thorough diagnosis of the organ's work.
The greatest preference in patients has thin-needle puncture diagnostics, which practically does not cause pain, takes a minimum of time and gives an accurate diagnostic result.
Video on puncture biopsy of thyroid nodules: