1 Etiology of development of the disease
At the moment, neurology distinguishes true brain arachnoiditis, which has an autoimmune origin, and residual, that is, associated with changes in fibrotic nature in the arachnoid of the brain after a person has experienced craniocerebral trauma or infectious diseases with lesionsbrain tissue. The true ailment has a diffuse character. He is rapidly progressing. This is observed only in 5% of cases. In the second case, the disease has local manifestations and does not progress.
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- Modern drugs from Pressure! The causes of arachnoiditis are quite simple. In most cases( approximately 60%), this disease is associated with previously transmitted infections. Usually these are viral diseases - meningitis, flu, chickenpox, meningoencephalitis, measles, cytomegalovirus infection and so on. Also should be considered foci of purulent lesions, which became chronic if they are located in the vicinity of the skull. For example, it can be sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, mastoiditis, periodontitis.
In 30% of cases the causes are craniocerebral trauma. Most often, these are bruises of the brain and bleeding of the subarachnoid type. In this case, the probability of occurrence of arachnoiditis does not depend on the severity of the lesions. In 15% of cases, it is not possible to establish clear factors that provoked the disease, so its etiology remains uncertain.
But there are a number of predisposing factors that increase the risk of developing arachnoiditis:
- excessive and frequent overwork, taking into account both physical and mental stress;
- constant stress;
- intoxication of the body( not only the result of the activity of pathogenic microflora, but also poisoning with medicines, excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages);
- poor living and working conditions;
- adverse climate;
- frequent colds and SARS;
- injury, especially frequent.
The arachnoid layer itself is clearly located between the soft and hard medulla. It does not merge with them, but is located very close. Under the influence of unfavorable factors, antibodies begin to be synthesized in the human body, which act on the arachnoid layer itself. They attack these tissues, which provokes the appearance of autoimmune inflammatory processes. Because of this, the arachnoid layer thickens, thickens and becomes turbid. There are spikes from the connective tissue and various cystic neoplasms. Further develops hydrocephalus and hypertensive-liquor crisis.
2 Characteristics of
Symptoms of arachnoiditis appear only after a long time after the influence of unfavorable factors on the human body. This is due to the development of autoimmune processes. For example, if a person has had a flu, then arachnoiditis can appear as in 3 months, and after a year. After trauma signs of arachnoiditis appear in about 1-2 years.
Gradually, in the early stages, there is weakness, problems with sleep, emotional instability, irritability. Man quickly gets tired even with minimal loads. Seizures of epilepsy occur periodically. Further arise with arachnoiditis symptoms of cerebral and focal type.
Symptomatic cerebral type is provoked by problems in liquorodynamics. Usually there is hypertensive syndrome. In most cases, patients complain of violent headaches. The most intense they are expressed in the morning, and also when the patient strains, coughs or experiences heavy physical exertion. Because of the increase in intracranial pressure, there is a pain in the eye movements. Appears nausea, vomiting attacks. Often there is noise in the ears, dizziness, hearing problems. Sometimes patients have intense sensory-type excitability - a person does not tolerate noise, sharp sounds, bright light. There are vegetative disorders, including vegetative-vascular dystonia. Depending on how the symptoms are expressed, the course of the ailment can be mild, moderate and severe.
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Periodically there are sharp attacks with vomiting and a headache. Usually they come twice a month. This is considered rare, but it can increase, so there may be more than 4 seizures per month. Such a crisis sometimes lasts up to 2 days.
What repents the focal symptomatology of arachnoiditis, then everything depends on the location of the pathological processes. For example, in some patients impaired motor functions of the limbs. Others deteriorate memory, concentration of attention, reduced efficiency. Sometimes vision deteriorates or disappears completely. In some cases, the adenoma of the pituitary gland develops. With other lesions, the ability to hear is impaired, as the auditory nerve is damaged. Perhaps the onset of neuralgia of the trigeminal nerve. Then the neuritis of the nerve of the face develops. Some patients have cerebellar ataxia, problems with orientation in space appear.
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3 Therapy peculiarities
In arachnoid treatment is carried out under stationary conditions. Therapy depends on the severity of the ailment and its etiology.
I. Drug therapy.
Usually, medical treatment involves the use of such drugs:
- Anti-inflammatory drugs from the group of glucocorticoids. For example, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone.
- Medicines with resorbability - Lidase, Pyrogenal, Bioquinol, Rumalon.
- Means with proovolepileptic effect - Carbamazepine, Finlepsin, Keppra and others.
- Drugs with dehydration action. Depending on the intracranial pressure, Diakarb, Manit, Furosemide is used.
- Medications from the group of neuroprotectors and metabolites. For example, Cerebrolysin, Mildronate, Nootropil, Ginkgo Biloba.
- Means with antiallergic properties. Usually appointed Diazolinum, Tavegil, Fenkarol, Loratadin.
- Drugs from the group of psychotropic drugs( appointed sometimes).This includes funds with sedatives, tranquilizers and antidepressants.
It is necessary to rehabilitate foci with purulent processes if the patient has sinusitis, otitis or other pathologies.
II.Surgery.
In severe cases, surgical treatment is prescribed. It is required when the patient has arachnoiditis of the posterior fossa of the skull or an optic-chaosmal species with a rapid loss of vision or the development of occlusal hydrocephalus. The operation involves the restoration of permeability of the cerebrospinal fluidways, the separation of the formed adhesions, the removal of cystic outgrowths that squeeze the individual parts of the brain. If it is required to reduce the intensity of hydrocephalus, then a bypass procedure is prescribed that creates alternative pathways for the release of the substance. Shunting is lumbo-, ventriculo- and cystoperatone.
4 Traditional medicine recipes
As a supplement, traditional medicine recipes are used. They will not be able to completely cure the patient, but will help improve his condition. The following tools are used:
- Burdock. The sheet needs to be washed, kneaded and applied to a sore spot on the head. Once a day you need to change the compress.
- The sequence. It is necessary to collect it at a time when the flowering will come. The plant is dried and brewed like tea - 1 tbsp.l.raw materials for 1 liter of boiling water. It persists for half an hour. You need to drink it during the day.
- Craps. The roots of this plant should be thoroughly washed, and then waxed in the fresh air. Further it is necessary to grind them with the help of a meat grinder and dry it to form a powder. Take it three times a day before a meal. The course lasts 3 months.
5 As a conclusion
Cerebral arachnoiditis is a disease in which the arachnoid interlayer of the brain is affected.
This usually occurs after traumatic brain injuries or transferred infectious diseases of the brain. But the severity of the disease does not affect the likelihood of pathology. Usually this disease is accompanied by disorders of hypertensive-liquor, asthenic and neurasthenic type. The disease is treated with medications, and in severe cases an operation is performed to remove adhesions, cysts and other neoplasms and remove the accumulated fluid. As an auxiliary treatment, traditional medicine recipes are used, but they can be used only after the doctor's permission. In general, the predictions of this autoimmune disease are favorable, if you turn in time to the hospital and start therapy.