Polyps are called abnormal benign lesions, which are attached to a wide base or have a foot. They can appear on any parts of the body, where there is a mucous membrane. The main method of treatment is polypectomy.
The concept of the
method Polypectomy is a surgical procedure aimed at removing polyps.
The procedure is shown for both single and multiple formations, the size of which does not exceed 5 mm.
It is believed that until they reach these sizes, the stage of formation is in progress. Most often the procedure involves cutting the legs using a wire loop through which current is passed.
Indications
Polypectomy is performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
The first option is possible for any single formations, if there is a technical capability. In polyposis for histological examination, several pieces of the largest sizes with a modified shape are removed.
Indications for treatment include any polyps of small size, if the operation can be carried out without the risk of complications.
If the formation appeared on the internal organ, then the endoscopic method is used.
In situations where there are solitary formations or a few are located to each other, a surgical operation is indicated.
Contraindications
Routine removal is not performed for patients who are in serious condition or have problems with blood clotting. To exclude contraindications, a blood test is required.
If the doctor decides that the polypectomy will lead to complications, the operation is also not performed.
Carrying out the procedure
Several types of operations are distinguished:
- Excision. It is used in modern clinics rarely, because after it the risk of bleeding remains. Usually the method is relevant if a histology is required.
- Electroexcision. At the bottom of the wire is wound, which is tightened until the formation changes color. After a few minutes, the coagulator is turned on. Due to this there is a complete elimination of the base of the polyp and the adjacent mucosa. This is the main method.
- Electrocoagulation. Used when the previous method is not possible. The method is used to eliminate bleeding. It is also used for incomplete loop electroexcision.
Drug-induced polypectomy. It is based on the introduction of polyp alcohol, acetic acid and other corrosive media into the bases.
Polypectomy of the uterine polyp
Actual surgery with hysteroscopy. Then the whole process is under observation.
A device with a camera is introduced into the uterine cavity, allowing to determine the features of the formation. Then there is a twisting or cutting it. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. All material is sent for histological examination.
Cervical canal
Today, scraping is almost not prescribed, but if there is a suspicion of the malignant nature of education, the doctor can refer to this procedure.
The endometrium is removed from the cervical canal. The procedure is carried out at the end of the menstrual cycle, under anesthesia.
To remove polyps from this organ is used:
- Hysteroscope. The operation lasts a few minutes, is to remove the polyp exclusively.
- Laser. Reduces the risk of recurrence of the disease, bleeding. The polyp disappears after cauterization using a laser beam.
- Radio waves. During the operation, tissue is not injured. The procedure is considered the safest.
Stomach
With the endoscopic method, the polyp is removed and the mucosal current is treated. At the burning site, a scab is formed.
If the dimensions of the formation are small, then the maximum possible area is rolled up by the loop. At the base more than 1.5 cm a series of surgical procedures is performed. The tumor is removed in parts. Between surgical interventions, breaks are made in a few weeks.
The operation is carried out permanently. For convenience, the patient may be immersed in medication sleep. Broadband operations in this disease are practically not carried out today. Endoscopic instruments are inserted through small incisions on the skin.
Intestine
Often, formations are removed during the colonoscopy, a diagnostic procedure.
Sometimes, in the same way, the formations that have become transformed into malignant ones are removed.
In modern medicine, polypectomy on the rectum and large intestine is performed endoscopically. First, an endoscope is inserted into the intestine. Then a lead plate is fixed to the waist region.
After fixing the endoscope, a loop is introduced into the channel, which acts as a second electrode. The loop is attached to the polyp. As a result of the current, the anomalous place is charred. The cut polyp is removed from the body.
Large formations can be removed by lump. This is done to ensure that too large a burn does not result in perforation and explosion of intestinal gases.
Gallbladder
Removal occurs using a diathermic loop. If the formation does not have a leg, then it is removed by fragments. That the blood vessels are not bleeding, pass through the loop. This method allows you to save the organ.
However, this method is not very demanded, since the results and consequences to this day are not fully understood.
Esophagus
Polypectomy of small polyps of the esophagus is carried out endoscopically. The electrical loop is introduced under visual control. The latter provides an opportunity for coagulation in all areas prone to bleeding.
Sometimes the legs are crossed using scissors or a wire loop. The effectiveness of this method is inferior to the previous one, while there remains the danger of damaging the walls of the esophagus. To remove the formations of large formation, polypectomy is not performed.
Noses
Remove the polyps of the nose using a loop or Lange hooks. They are injected through the nostril under local anesthesia.
Gradually, the lumen of the loops is narrowed and the polyp is cut off. Hook is used when it is necessary to remove the formation that has arisen from the trellis labyrinth.
After surgery, the mucosa is disinfected. In the nose are inserted turundas with petroleum jelly. After such an operation, bleeding is insignificant.
Diet after polypectomy of the stomach and intestines
The speed of rehabilitation depends on compliance with the diet.
This is aimed at reducing the activity of the intestine and its excretory function.
Three days later the diet is supplemented with liquid porridge, meat soufflé.If after a meal the patient notes increased gas separation, the doctor changes the menu. You are allowed to eat oatmeal, risk, millet.
The third stage of rehabilitation comes in 14 days. Over the next 4 months, it is recommended to follow a fractional diet, sparing diet. Do not allow the processes of fermentation in the intestines, constipation.
Remember that the fatter the food, the stronger the bile. We will also have to give up food that can injure the intestines. Under the ban fall into sour, hot and fried dishes.
Video shows endoscopic removal of the stomach polyp: