There are such medications that, when administered on a course, cause patients to be seriously dependent and exert psycho-stimulating effects by influencing the cerebral cortex. In fact, the patient can get rid of one pathology with the help of such drugs, but he acquires another disease. Unfortunately, the new acquired disease leads to a change in physico-chemical parameters, as well as to the transformation of the patient's consciousness, his personality and behavioral qualities. Similar effects are usually caused by drugs, in the language of doctors called amphetamines.
Mechanism of action of amphetamine
The main action of amphetamines is stimulation of the activity of organic hormones - norepinephrine and adrenaline. Such an effect on the human body leads to a narrowing of the vascular lumen, pressure jumps, increased sugar in the composition of the circulatory fluid, restoration of normal bronchial patency, anti-allergic effects, etc. In other words, amphetamines affect the human nervous system.
Effects on the body
Amphetamine belongs to the group of drugs that have a psychostimulant effect on all organic structures, especially the nervous system. The action of such drugs is based on the activation of production of adrenaline neurotransmitters. Adrenaline is often called a stress hormone, because it is produced primarily in situations that are extreme.
On the video the principle of the action of amphetamine:
Central and peripheral effects of
The stimulating nervous system effect of amphetamine is in such manifestations as:
- Good mood;
- Feeling of self-confidence;
- Increased activity of speech and motor character;
- Stimulation of health;
- Decreased drowsiness, etc.
But amphetamine exposure also has a negative effect, which manifests itself in limb tremors, sleep disorders and anxiety, psychoses and periodic panic attacks.
If there is amphetamine dependence, the patient may develop a schizophrenic-mediated mental disorder. Such an adverse reaction usually occurs against a background of prolonged excess dosage, although it happens that mental disorders occur after a single dose. After its withdrawal, negative symptoms usually go away on their own.
Tolerance and Sensitization
If amphetamine is used regularly, then in the course of time, such side effects as cardiovascular effects, increased emotional background and poor appetite are added and tolerance. Therefore, patients who regularly take the drug are simply forced to increase the dosage of the drug.
If the treatment is aimed at eliminating hyperactivity and lack of attention in children or eliminating the narcoleptic syndrome of adult patients, then adequate therapeutic doses of addiction do not cause.
A distinctive feature of amphetamine is its ability to form a reverse tolerance or sensitization. For example, regular use of the drug is capable of provoking stereotyped behavior and increased activity. Such a reaction is possible even with infrequent administration of the drug.
Dependence of
Because amphetamine is a drug of narcotic origin, it can provoke psychologically dependent dependence in the patient. This negative effect is manifested by the craving for amphetamine. Patients often show special zeal in trying to get this drug. This dependence is associated with the effect of the drug on the brain departments responsible for positive and learning.
It can not be unequivocally asserted about the presence of physically dependent dependence on the drug, because a sudden cessation of its reception causes a feeling of drowsiness and fatigue, a depressive state conducive to the commission of suicidal actions. Such manifestations are often attributed to the symptoms of withdrawal syndrome or are considered as a reaction to a deficiency of food and sleep, characteristic in the case of regular use of the drug.
Metabolism of
Amphetamine is characterized by its rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, after which the components of the drug are evenly distributed among all organic tissues. The maximum possible concentration in the body is usually established approximately in half an hour-hour after administration. Approximately the same time interval is also the time of action of the amphetamine itself.