Among the varieties of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, characterized by high oncogeneity and rapid metastasis, there is often a B-cell tumor, which is characterized by the breakdown of lymph nodes and the spread of cancer cells across all areas of the body.
A similar type of lymphoma can develop in the form of primary education or is formed from lymphomas of other species.
For B-cell lymphoma, typically uncontrolled production of B-lymphocyte cell structures, which normally are involved in immune activity.
Without proper treatment, the tumor is rapidly developing, causing an intra-organic insufficiency. Thanks to the appearance of cytostatic medicines in patients with similar formations, it was possible to significantly prolong life.
Species
There are several varieties of B-cell formations:
- Tumor of the marginal zone;
- Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma;
- Large cell lymphoma;
- Follicular tumor.
Similar varieties differ in the variety of morphological characteristics, manifestations and response to treatment, so they need to be considered separately.
Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma
Similar lymphopopular pathology belongs to the category of malignant pathologies of the lymphatic system, accounting for about a third of the total number of lymphomas. Similar pathologies are most typical for patients 40-60 years of age.
The onset of the cancerous process begins with the lymph nodes, gradually spreading through other systems, although probably the extranodal formation of the lymphatic tumor when the formation is initially formed in the tissues of the thyroid, gastrointestinal tract, spinal cord, etc.
Mediastinal
For mediastinal lymphoma, typically diffuse germination by lymphoid cellular structures. A characteristic symptom of this oncological disease is sclerosis of the stromal type and the presence of multiple necrotic foci.
Anaplastic
Anaplastic lymphomas are systemic in nature, manifested by swelling of various lymph node groups, often spreading to bone tissue, spleen, liver or intestines. Can lead to death.
Small cell
Small cell lymphomas account for about 7% of cases from all lymphopopular processes. For such education, typically a slow development, but low sensitivity to therapeutic effects.
Although patients with a similar diagnosis live freely for more than one decade. The insidiousness of such B-small cell lymphomas lies in their ability to transform into a tumor, which is characterized by rapid progression.
Marginal zone
Extranodal lymphopulmonary processes from the marginal zone spread through the lymphoid mucous tissues, which is why they are often called malt lymphomas. They are located in various structures: thyroid gland, stomach, salivary-fat tissue or intestine, etc. More common in elderly patients of both sexes.
Plasmoblastoma is a malignant lesion of the mouth and lower jaw. A similar pathological form often develops in people who have severe immunosuppression( HIV-infected, etc.).
From cells of the mantle zone
Such lymphomas make up about 6% of cases, and they prefer male patients older than 60 years of age.
Causes of
The development of pathology can trigger many pathogenic factors such as:
- Radiation irradiation;
- Mutations of genetic origin such as trisomy or monosomy;
- Long-term antidepressant therapy;
- Immunodeficiencies of various etiologies;
- Occupational exposure hazards associated with pesticides and chemicals;
- Pathologies of autoimmune origin.
Symptoms of
B-cell lymphomas are characterized by a clinical similarity with other malignant formations. The development of such a lymphatic tumor, as a rule, is accompanied by manifestations of a nonspecific character like:
- Night hyperdrive;
- Causing weight loss;
- Swelling of lymph nodes;
- Minor temperature increase for a long time( ≈ 37 ° С);
- Predisposition to bleeding and pallor of the skin due to a deficiency of platelet cells and anemic processes;
- Excessive fatigue, exhaustion, lack of efficiency.
If cancer processes have spread to the intra-organic structures, the symptomatic picture is supplemented:
- Headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances in brain damage;
- Digestive problems, nausea and vomiting symptoms in the spread of metastases to the intestines;
- Shortness of breath, excruciating coughing attacks with pulmonary lesions.
Diagnostic methods
A reliable diagnosis requires a lot of diagnostic tests, but first the patient is examined by an oncologist. Usually the diagnosis includes several procedures:
- Radiography;
- Lymph node biopsy;
- Ultrasound examination;
- Bone and spinal puncture;
- PET, computer or magnetic resonance imaging.
Treatment
Therapeutic processes are composed of a set of techniques: polychemotherapy and radiation. Chemotherapy involves the use of substances of the strongest action aimed at the destruction of malignant cellular structures.
Chemotherapeutic treatment uses drugs like Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Dakarbazine. If the prognosis is unfavorable, the drugs Cyclophosphan, Onkovin or Doxorubicin are used.
Sometimes, in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy is also used, based on exposure to X-rays.
Similar treatment is directed, therefore only the affected area is irradiated. Due to the radiation effect, it is possible to damage or destroy tumor cells or to restrain their spread.
Prognostic data for
The prognosis for B-cell lymphoma depends on the type of lymphoma, the sex and age of the patient, the general condition, immune defenses and the presence of malignant symptoms.
5-year survival with a favorable prognosis is more than 94%, and with an unfavorable no more than 60%. Often after treatment, the disease recurs again.
Video conference "Therapy of aggressive B-cell lymphomas," says senior researcher Alekseev Sergey Mikhailovich: