The diagnosis of uterine fibroids frightens many women, especially if a tumor with submucosal localization is detected.
More recently, with such a myoma, a woman was shown an operation during which removal of the uterine body was performed, which deprived the woman of the chances of bearing and giving birth to a child. Therefore, ladies are so afraid of such a diagnosis.
However, the modern possibilities of gynecological surgery make it possible to perform an organ-preserving surgical intervention, after which the genital function is completely preserved.
Similar success can be achieved through laparoscopic or endoscopic surgery. Therefore, with timely treatment, the submucous form of the myomatous tumor has positive predictions.
What is a submucous uterine myoma?
Submucosal uterine fibroids, also called submucous tumors, are benign.
Compared with other types of myomatous tumors, submucosal is characterized by the fastest development, active progression and a clear manifestation of symptomatic manifestations.
In addition, such education is more prone to malignancy than other myomatous uterine tumors.
According to statistics, submucosal tumors occupy about 25-30% of all uterine myomas and are found mostly in women of reproductive age.
Etiology and pathogenesis of
It has not been possible to establish the exact causes of the disease yet, but it can definitely be said that it relates to hormonal imbalance.
In addition, specialists note the presence of the connection of a myomatous tumor with factors like:
- Pathologies leading to hormonal background disorders, for example, polycystic adnexa, pathology of endocrine glands;
- Obesity or the presence of excess weight;
- Excessive body exhaustion;
- Frequent stress;
- Long-term use of contraceptive drugs;
- Abortion;
- Genetic predisposition;
- Inflammatory pathologies in the field of gynecology;
- Lack of delivery and breastfeeding in 30-year-old women;
- Serious stress on the body;
- Frequent irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
Only one factor or a whole group of causes can provoke a myomatous tumor. Only an experienced doctor can determine the exact etiology.
Symptomatic
The development of myomatous submucous tumor begins latently and only after reaching certain sizes is formed a specific clinical picture:
- The duration of the monthly and blood volume of the increases, in which bloody clots appear. Because of the abundant menstrual blood loss, anemia can develop in a woman. Gradually bleeding starts to disturb and in intervals between monthly;
- Cramp-like painful sensations emanating from the uterine region and occasionally giving back to the lumbar region;
- The pressure on the intestinal tissues and bladder , resulting from large tumor sizes, provokes various functional disorders in this area. As a result, a woman is often disturbed by constipation, urination becomes more frequent. The picture may worsen related infections like pyelonephritis, etc.;
- An increase in the volume of the abdomen is observed, which is very typical for submucosal formation, characterized by rapid growth rates;
- There are difficulties with conception of , and if you still get pregnant, then there is a constant threat of spontaneous miscarriage;
- A woman is constantly experiencing weakness and malaise, the picture is aggravated by anemic symptoms.
Similar manifestations, as a rule, are strongly pronounced. Therefore, if such symptoms occur, it is recommended to consult a specialized specialist.
Species of
There are several varieties of uterine fibroids with a submucous site of the node: single or multiple. In addition, specialists classify such formations into several types:
- 0 type - a tumor in which the myomatous node is located on a leg under the mucous layer and does not germinate into muscle fibers;
- The first type - if the formation sprouts an insignificant part in the muscle tissue;
- The second type - when the myomatous knot mostly grows into the muscle tissue;
- The third type is when there is no muscle tissue between the mucous layer and the tumor.
Interstitial submucous uterine fibroids
Sometimes a myomatous submicotic tumor has a superficial localization, however, it has a node that is characterized by interstitial localization.
Then talk about interstitial submicosis education.
Such a myoma is characterized by more latent development and implicit symptomatology, so it is difficult to detect it on time.
In pregnancy
If submicotic myomatous tumor is small in size, then it can not cause difficulties for fertilization.
But with the active growth of the node into the uterine cavity, the tumor will prevent the normal development of the fetus. In addition, , a similar pattern of growth in education often leads to miscarriages after the 11-week gestation period of .
Such a tumor is considered the most dangerous among myomatous varieties, however, it is relatively rare in pregnant women, as it usually prevents pregnancy.
Methods for diagnosis and treatment of
Diagnostic methods are used to detect submucosal myomatous formation:
- Medical examination - a qualified gynecologist can easily determine deformation and increased parameters of the uterine body, which is typical for such tumors;
- US - is carried through the vagina or through the abdominal wall. The latter case requires the fullness of the bladder;
- MRI or CT is one of the most informative techniques, determine the formation in the initial stages, visualize the slightest changes in the tissues and cavities of the uterine body;
- Hysteroscopy - a special device( hysteroscope) is inserted through the vagina to a woman, and then the study begins. This method allows you to conduct a biopsy and even remove some of the nodes.
Photo of submucous uterine myoma on hysteroscopy
After detection of the type and nature of the myomatous node, appropriate treatment is prescribed.
For small tumor parameters( up to 5 cm) and intracavitary location, the node can be easily removed by hysteroresectoscopy.
If the education is larger, then the available part of it is sometimes removed, and then hormonal treatment is prescribed. When the course of therapy with hormonal drugs ends, the remaining part of the tumor is removed.
It happens that initially hormonal treatment is carried out, which helps to reduce the size of the tumor, and then the myoma is removed.
Treatment with folk remedies
Many patients with submucous uterine fibroids prefer to be treated with folk remedies, even when specialists warn them about the dangers of this therapy.
Doctors admit the use of traditional medicine in relation to myoma nodes, but only as an additional method of treatment.
In general, folk remedies suggest treating such tumors with douching with herbal infusions, inserting a tampon with healing ointments into the vaginal area, internal reception of broths, etc.
Therefore, when deciding on treatment with folk remedies, it is recommended to consult a doctor to avoid unforeseen complications.
Complications of
Uterine myomatous tumor with poor-quality treatment or its absence is fraught with the development of a number of complications:
- Birth of myomatous formation. A similar phenomenon is most often associated with severe physical activity or lifting weights. Usually, in such a complication, a woman is suddenly twisted with cramping pains, and profuse bleeding begins;
- Anemia and uncontrolled bleeding. Often bleeding becomes so abundant that IDA develops. With the development of iron deficiency anemia, a woman experiences constant weakness, her skin is constantly pale, worried about headaches and constant fatigue, lowers blood pressure, etc.;
- Disturbances in nutritional intake in myomatous formation. The cause of this complication is usually a mechanical factor such as inflexion or compression of the tumor, torsion of the leg, etc. As a result, necrosis of the tissues of myomatous tissues takes place, which requires urgent surgical intervention.
In addition, malignant tumors, infertility, etc. are likely complications.
Prevention of
The main preventive measure is a regular annual visit to a gynecologist, which will allow us to detect the tumor in time and begin treatment.
It is necessary to avoid the provoking factors of pathology: abortions, inflammations of the female sexual sphere, childlessness and lack of lactations in 30-year-olds, long hormonal contraception, etc.
Elimination of such factors will help to avoid the occurrence of myomatous submucosal nodes.
Forecast
In general, therapy in any way provides a positive outcome of treatment, however, for today there is no such technique that would guarantee a patient's recovery 100%.
Each technique is notable for its shortcomings, contraindications, benefits and possible complications. Therefore, it is impossible to say which method of therapy is most preferable.
The decision on the method of treatment should be made by a specialist who can adequately take into account the probable risks, thoroughly study the pathology picture and select the optimal treatment suitable for the particular patient. The outcome of pathology depends on the correctness of the choice of therapy.
Usually the probability of recovery is high enough, but much depends on the patient, as she fulfills medical appointments.
Therefore, do not be afraid and delay the trip to the gynecologist, as early treatment guarantees a quick cure and no unpleasant consequences.
The video shows hysteroscopic diagnosis of the submucous node of uterine fibroids: