Gastritis is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of our time. They suffer a huge number of people on earth. In other words, it is a disease associated with inflammation of the gastric mucosa that adversely affects the whole process of digestion and the quality of life of a sick person. In Russia, about half of the population suffers from it, and adults and children suffer from it, and many do not even know about it.
There are many species depending on the cause, the location of the affected areas and even the nature of the gastric secretions and this is an incomplete list. In addition, the main types of disease have many subspecies.
Gastrites: types, causes, prevention
Why does gastritis occur? The most common cause of malnutrition, in a normal state, the mucosa performs a protective function that prevents the damage to the walls of the stomach from foreign aggressive substances that come with food into the stomach, as well as from the gastric juice itself. Over time, this shell under the influence of various factors is thinned. There can be many reasons: decreased immunity, improper food, the use of certain medicines, alcohol or infection by certain types of bacteria.
Types of stomach gastritis
The classification of gastritis is very complicated, in this article we will describe its main types. It is divided into acute and chronic.
Acute is a type of gastritis that has arisen for the first time.
Its symptoms:
- acute pain;
- belching;
- diarrhea;
- bloat;
- burning sensation;
- heaviness.
What are the types of gastritis?
There are several types of acute gastritis, depending on its course:
- catarrhal;
- is fibrinous;
- necrotic;
- is reflux;
- is chronic.
To overcome the ailment, you need to know about it enough information. So, what gastritis can be considered in more detail.
Catarrhal
Catarrhal - the most simple and widespread form, is established by a gastroscopy. It occurs due to easy food poisoning, allergies, overeating and even nervous tension. Usually this kind of gastritis is accompanied by small point bleeding, a lot of mucus, thickening in some places of the stomach and the presence of edema.
Its symptoms:
- sour smell from the mouth;
- dry mouth;
- vomiting with undigested remnants of food;
- weakness and temperature.
Fibrinous
Fibrinous - a more severe form, in addition to the above symptoms, new ones are added. Inflammatory processes begin, accompanied by necrosis of tissues in a small amount. The purulent formations begin to appear. Depending on the depth of the lesion of the tissues, there is a distinction between superficial and deep gastritis. A variation of this form requires immediate medical intervention.
Symptoms of fibrinous gastritis:
- headaches;
- stomach pain mainly after eating.
Necrotic
Necrotic is not an ordinary form of gastritis, it occurs as a result of poisoning with chemicals. If, for example, the gastrointestinal tract of acids enters the body, so-called coagulation necrosis is formed, if the salts are involved - colliquated. With necrotic gastritis, ulcers and wounds appear not only on the mucous membrane, but also on the entire stomach. Most often this type of disease affects alcoholics who drink alcoholic beverages with a high content of ethyl alcohol. People who have undergone this type of disease experience unpleasant sensations in the stomach throughout the rest of their life due to the formation of scars in it.
Its symptoms are:
- constant thirst.
- pain in the mouth, secretion of viscous saliva;
- general weakness with headaches;
- pale complexion;
- vomiting is often mucus or blood.
Reflux
Reflux is the most serious form of acute gastritis. It can be a consequence of catarrhal gastritis. It is accompanied by the defeat of all layers of the stomach. In the most severe cases, it can end in a fatal outcome. Requires immediate medical attention. With this form of gastritis, you should immediately consult a doctor and get recommendations for his treatment.
Symptoms of this type of gastritis and obvious signs are:
- thirst;
- fever, chills;
- feeling of nausea, vomiting more often bile or blood.
Chronic gastritis
Chronic gastritis most often occurs after acute gastritis. Of course, it can proceed both independently and because of the patient's imprudence. After all, many simply do not know that they suffer from such a disease. It can be identified by periodic exacerbations. If a person understands that for a long time he is tortured by unpleasant sensations in the stomach, it is worthwhile to see a doctor. Among other things, the following symptoms stand out:
- discomfort and feeling of heaviness;
- heartburn;
- nausea, most often after eating;
- poor appetite;
- burp with an unnaturally unpleasant odor;Unpleasant taste in mouth;
- constipation or liquid stool;
- bloating in the abdomen.
It is worth paying attention to the condition of the hair and nails. If they are weak and brittle, and the nails are loose, this can also be a sign of chronic gastritis. This is due to poor assimilation of nutrients and minerals due to impaired digestive function. Often there is anemia, a person begins to lose weight, begins to feel bad, there is constant fatigue, drowsiness.
Different kinds of gastritis and their treatment should be started in time with the help of a qualified specialist.
Types of chronic gastritis
At this stage, several types of gastritis of the stomach are divided into types:
- Type A or autoimmune gastritis. Occurs when there is a conflict of cells of one's own immunity with the stomach mucosa.
- Type B or defeat by bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
- Type C or reflux gastritis. With this type of disease, bile enters the stomach from the duodenum, which affects the gastric mucosa negatively, causing irritation and, as a consequence, the disease.
How to determine the type of gastritis?
Naturally, an accurate diagnosis in the presence of such a variety of gastritis, without analysis is unlikely to be able to put even a professional, so at the first signs you need to immediately consult a doctor. How do you know which form of gastritis a patient has? To do this, the doctor will appoint a series of tests: blood, caprolology, hysteroscopy and other procedures. It is important to understand that the treatment of gastritis with antibiotics, is accompanied by the appointment of the necessary bacteria and antifungal agents that contribute to the restoration of the natural environment of the stomach.
In addition, you need to revise your diet and for some time to follow a diet that the doctor can also prescribe. From the existing form of stomach gastritis, it will depend on whether the patient is put in a hospital or whether it is enough to carry out the prescription at home.
Prevention of gastritis
We have already found out what kinds of gastritis and symptoms are, let's now talk about how to prevent them. There is a set of measures, adhering to which you can reduce the risk of the disease to a minimum. Their main task is to reduce the negative effect on the gastric mucosa. For this you need:
- Take care of taking some drugs that have a negative effect on the stomach. Take them together with useful medicines containing beneficial bacteria.
- Maintain an active lifestyle, avoiding excessive loads.
- To people suffering from various forms of gastritis, emotional stress is contraindicated. This leads to a violation of the secret glands and to exacerbate the disease.
- Proper nutrition and quality products. It is necessary to forget about fast snacks, you need to eat several times a day, in small pieces. It is worth eating as little as possible spicy, fried, salted and sour food. In the diet should be a balanced meal, with enough protein, carbohydrates and fats.
- The annual examination of a gastroenterologist. A timely visit to a specialist will help to identify the disease at an early stage and get the necessary treatment.