When a patient develops such a dangerous and ill-treatable disease as Crohn's disease, very often pathological inflammation passes to the ileum region, thereby provoking the appearance of terminal, or otherwise called reflux-ileitis. It is always chronic and localized in the distal part of the small intestine. Sometimes it can be combined with a pathological lesion that affects the duodenum, small and small intestine.
Morphological picture of ileitis reveals usually catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammation, which is accompanied by a narrowing of the lumen in the digestive organ due to sclerosis of the walls with the formation of numerous erosions on them, which develop into severe ulceration. This all causes in the affected organ an obstruction, for which only surgical treatment is required.
In terminal ileitis, as in Crohn's disease, etiology is not clear enough. Among the causes of the disease, specialists for the most part distinguish the following:
- Genetic predisposition( heredity).The greatest propensity to develop the disease is found in those people whose close relatives were exposed to nonspecific pathologies of the digestive organs;
- An autoimmune reaction that occurs in the body;
- Food imbalance, susceptibility to harmful habits and the occurrence of frequent stressful situations;
- Secondary viral or bacterial infections that occur in the body against a weakened immune system.
In addition, some experts consider the cause of the terminal ileitis, expressed by the development of inflammation in the iliac department, the failure of the valve located between the thick and small intestines, and called the buginium damper.
There are also opinions about the fact that this cause is a consequence of pathology. There is no unequivocal opinion on this topic. One can only say that this valve is always involved in the development of ileity.
Symptoms of terminal intestinal ileitis
Many patients with diagnosed nonspecific pathologies of the digestive organs often have a question, how to recognize this inflammatory disease of the iliac department? This question is quite complicated, because the symptoms of terminal ileitis are very similar to other diseases, and precise studies are needed to determine the diagnosis.
In addition, this pathology of the digestive organs is almost always accompanied by extraneous at first glance manifestations: joint or kidney pain, inflammation, developing on the skin and mucous membranes, eye pathology. But, despite the fact that such symptoms are very difficult to attribute to the development of terminal ileitis in the body, some of them should alert the patient and adjust it to visit a specialist to clarify the diagnosis. The main signs, usually associated with the development of this disease and its intensity indicating about its stage, will be the following:
- Unexplained loss of appetite and pronounced weight loss;
- Nausea, always vomiting;
- Pain in the ileum, reminiscent of colic;
- Temperature rise to 39-40 degrees and a febrile condition that has arisen for no apparent reason;
- Cramping pain resembling an attack of acute appendicitis.
All these alarming symptoms correspond to the development of catarrhal inflammation in the ileum. And it should be remembered the fact that the more vividly expressed these manifestations of the development of the pathological process, the more severe form has the ileitis.
For chronic ileitis always characterized by its gradual onset and rather moderate severity of symptoms. Complaints of patients with developing terminal ileitis are usually reduced to the presence of moderate pain localized in the right ileal region, bloating accompanied by sound effects, a yellowish watery stool with inclusions of undigested food.
Consequences of reflux-ileitis
If, despite the alarming symptoms, the patient did not contact a specialist to clarify the diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment, the ileitis will assume a chronic form and will torment a person all his life. With insufficient therapy of the disease, the destruction of the intestinal mucosa assumes a progressive nature, and this is fraught with the development of very severe symptoms that always accompany terminal reflux ileitis. Among them, the most common are the following:
- Bloody diarrhea with mucus;
- Acute bouts of pain;
- Increased temperature.
In addition, if you do not apply the appropriate therapy for the development of this pathology, the inflammatory process will spread to other organs of the digestive tract, provoking the formation of numerous erosions and ulcers the occurrence of obstruction of the intestine. In addition, ignoring the development of terminal ileitis leads to the formation of such a terrible defect in the body as fistulas. They penetrate into neighboring organs and lead to the accumulation of protein deposits in large quantities, which disrupts the processes of metabolism. With this development, ileitis can not do without urgent surgical intervention.
Treatment and diet for terminal ileitis
Despite the fact that it is difficult to interpret all the contradictory information about the immunological status of this type of Crohn's disease, like terminal ileitis, which develops in the ileum and is accompanied by catarrhal inflammation, it is thanks to immunomorphological studies that an opportunity to justify an activetherapies. And this allows an adequate treatment of this pathology of the ileum.
In it, a special place is given to receiving patients such medications as corticosteroid and antibacterial drugs, and for certain indications other immunosuppressants. In addition, with this disease, a large arsenal of various symptomatic agents necessary for the therapy of ileitis is also used: psychotropic, blood substitute, anti-inflammatory and others.
Very important in the adequate therapy of this disease is given to the optimal diet, as well as the appropriate diet, because all specialists are very well aware that this pathology does not lend itself to complete cure and it is possible to freeze the pathological process for a while.
Proper dietary nutrition with such a variety of Crohn's disease, as ileitis, is of great importance. It is thanks to him that it becomes possible to facilitate the work of the digestive organs, as well as to exclude the possibility of additional trauma to the intestinal mucosa.
This is the only way to stop the formation on its walls of new erosive lesions and scars. This is facilitated by the fact that all meals included in the diet of the patient are very easily digestible, high-calorie, containing a large amount of vitamins and fluids, which are necessary for the damaged digestive organ.