1 Forms of the disease
Encephalopathy of a complex genesis is a disease that has several causes. Hypoxic form is associated with inadequate supply of the brain with oxygen. It occurs both with a decrease in the oxygen content in the atmosphere, and with certain diseases and injuries. Symptoms of this disease are headaches, dizziness, memory loss, increased intracranial pressure. Hypoxic encephalopathy in children leads to the development of cerebral palsy, epilepsy, delayed psycho-speech development.
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With circulatory encephalopathy, a change in the brain tissues develops, leading to a neurasthenic syndrome. Ischemic encephalopathy is one of the most dangerous forms of the disease. Occurs when there is a limited supply of oxygen to the brain with respiratory failure or hypertension. Ischemic brain damage can occur with heart attacks, cardiac arrest, infectious or traumatic shock, asphyxiation, respiratory muscle paralysis, carbon monoxide poisoning.
The hypertonic form of the disease develops rather slowly and is a focal lesion of the brain tissue associated with a chronic impairment of cerebral circulation. Lead to hypertensive encephalopathy, a prolonged uncontrolled increase in blood pressure. Atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels aggravates the course of the disease. In this case, the defeat of the brain acquires a complex, discirculatory character. The disease occurs in 3 stages, each of which gives a definite clinical picture. At 1 stage, symptoms may be absent, dizziness, disturbances of gait, speech, swallowing appear on 2.Stage 3 develops dementia, limb tremor, muscle paralysis.
Toxic encephalopathy is an organic lesion of the brain tissue caused by the penetration of neurotropic toxic agents. In the early stages of the disease, the patient experiences constant headaches, fatigue, memory impairment and insomnia. At later stages, psychoemotional symptoms are noted: inhibition, decreased intelligence, emotional instability.
Post-traumatic encephalopathy is a consequence of severe brain injuries. With this form of the disease, there are violations of the intellect and control of one's own behavior. Symptoms can appear both immediately and after a short time after getting injured. In the early stages, the patient may not pay attention to the symptoms, but over time he notes that he can no longer perform even the simplest actions. The patient can become aggressive, there may be violations of sleep, sexual disorders.
Alcoholic encephalopathy often occurs in the 3 stages of alcoholism. This term is understood to mean a number of pathological conditions having similar clinical patterns. In the first place there are mental deviations, then somatic symptoms manifest themselves. Residual encephalopathy is a sluggish neurological disorder that occurs when there are a number of pathological conditions. Very often it is confused with mental disorders and is assigned the wrong treatment. Especially dangerous is the disease for children, its consequences can make themselves felt and after a long time.
2 How to recognize the pathology of
In the early stages of the disease, symptoms such as decreased performance, memory impairment, fatigue, drowsiness, headaches, irritability, involuntary movements of the eyeballs, visual and hearing impairments, gait alteration may appear. In the later stages, pronounced neurological symptoms appear. With severe brain damage, there are severe headaches, vomiting, loss of vision, numbness of the limbs. Anxiety and irritability can be replaced by apathy, there is a loss of consciousness.
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The final diagnosis is made based on the results of the survey. To this end, the doctor appoints a series of tests and tests: a general blood test, measurement of blood pressure, a blood test for the presence of drugs and poisons, MRI and CT of the brain, an encephalogram.
3 Methods of treatment of the disease
The course of treatment of encephalopathy includes the use of drugs that improve the blood supply of the brain: nootropics, adaptogens, vitamins. Apply and some additional methods of treatment. Currently, treatment of encephalopathy still presents certain difficulties, it does not always lead to complete recovery. Indeed, with mixed brain damage, it is necessary not only to eliminate its symptoms, but also to cure the underlying disease.
In case of severe damage to the brain tissue, the patient may need artificial ventilation, parenteral nutrition and hemodialysis.
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Drugs that reduce intracranial pressure and anticonvulsant drugs are prescribed. In the rehabilitation period, sessions of reflexotherapy, physiotherapy, and special exercises are prescribed. The prognosis for recovery depends on the rate of development of the disease, the degree of damage to the brain tissue, the possibility of prescribing a specific treatment. In some cases, only stabilization of the patient's condition is possible.