Modern classification of periodontitis and disease code according to ICD-10

1 Description of the disease

Many people in the word "periodontitis" hear "period", and there is a false idea about the disease, which manifests itself periodically, with time intervals. In fact, the term consists of Greek roots:

• "peri" - "around, around"( compare perimeter);
• "odontos" - "tooth".

If you hold the tongue over the upper teeth and under the lower ones, you can feel the alveolus tubercles. It is from the jaws that the dental nests stick out, in which the roots of the teeth are fastened. The tooth does not abut closely to the inner surface of the alveoli. In the gap between the tooth and the bony surface of the jaw is a complex of tissues( periodontium).

These fabrics are not only a crevice pad, they have several basic functions.

• ligament retaining the tooth in the alveolus;
• mechanical load distributor when chewing, a peculiar spring for the tooth;
• protective barrier, the analogy of packing or sealing in hydraulics.

In addition to the basic, there are a number of functions related to the operation of sensory receptors, the circulatory system, regeneration and antigen homeostasis. The periodontal thickness is from 0.20 to 0.25 mm, and its inflammation causes a number of diseases, identified in the ICD-10 classifier under the general title "Periodontitis."In many cases, periodontitis develops in parallel with tooth disease, but the situation is not excluded when the tooth is healthy, and the tissues around its root are inflamed, which is manifested by very painful sensations.

2 Three kinds of the origin of the disease

Practitioners often use the classification of periodontitis by origin for the purpose of making an anamnesis and subsequent diagnosis:

1. Traumatic - from loads above physiological possibilities. The injury from snapping nuts is quite common. In pipe smokers, the load when the tube is held by the teeth is aggravated by exposure to tobacco smoke. Also injuries are from burns with hot food, cuts, mechanical damage.
2. Infectious - the most common. The microflora of the mouth is diverse, and there are always pathogens in it. Weakening of immunity, non-observance of hygiene rules can provoke inflammation.
3. Medication - irritating effect on the periodontium of chemically active components in the composition of drugs taken orally. Occurs when it enters the oral cavity of caustic acids and alkalis.

Ilya Genrikhovich Lukomsky( 1893-1958), an outstanding scientist and dental practitioner, proposed a classification for periodontitis, which covers all manifestations of the disease. At the same time the Lukomsky system is laconic, with a small amount of presentation, which is methodologically convenient for the doctor directly engaged in the patient. There are basic grades:

• Acute periodontitis:

1. serous;
2. purulent.

• Chronic periodontitis:

1. as a consequence of acute;
2. granulating;
3. granulomatous;
4. fibrous;
5. is chronic at the stage of exacerbation.

Lukomsky's proposals were used in the development of the international classification of diseases ICD-10, which takes into account not only the chronic and acute forms, but also the complications caused by them. The classifier is established by the World Health Organization, figure 10 indicates the revision number.

This is an encyclopedic reference book of 21 sections( classes) covering all types and types of diseases, where each denomination is assigned an alphanumeric designation.

Class XI - is a disease of the digestive system, they are assigned symbols from K00 to K93

Among them are the section "K00-K14 - diseases of the oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws".Inside it, along with others, there is a subsection "K04 - diseases of pulp and periapical tissues", where periodontal diseases are divided into 4 grades with their subcategories:

• K04.4 - acute apical periodontitis of pulp origin;
• K04.5 - chronic apical periodontitis;
• K04.6 - periapical abscess with cavity;
• K04.7 - periapical abscess without cavity.

Classifier ICD-10 not only serves as a diagnostic tool, it is a tool for processing statistical information arrays. WHO is constantly working to improve it, and the medical community is awaiting the release of the next revision.

3 Pathology of any form is curable

The progress of dentistry has not bypassed periodontitis. A rich experience in the treatment of both chronic and acute forms has been accumulated. The cunning of periodontitis is that it does not appear immediately and sometimes occurs when the teeth are in an apparently healthy state.

Therefore, for painful sensations in the alveoli and / or the roots of the teeth, you should seek dental care. A qualified doctor will identify the causes of the pain and determine how serious the disease is. Early diagnosis provides a good prognosis for successful treatment and rapid recovery.