A malfunction in the digestive system, when the stool is broken and the stomach is hurting, usually causes suspicion that "they have not eaten".In fact, there can be many reasons.
When diagnosing this condition, there is a possibility that acute enteritis will appear. You should pay attention to health, so that the inflammatory process does not become chronic.
Concept of the disease
Enteritis is a disorder in the functioning of the small intestine, caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane. Over time, pathological processes modify the mucosa of the small intestine, and its dystrophy is possible.
According to the international classification( ICD 10), the disease has such codes:
- enteritis and colitis of non-infectious nature K50 รท K52;
- intestinal infections, including, viral A08.
Causes of development of
The disease is caused by such factors:
- poisoning by substances affecting the body as toxins:
- by poisonous fungi,
- by poisons;
- is very dangerous when the disease triggers an infection, it is:
- typhoid fever,
- salmonellosis,
- cholera;
- if the intestine does not have enough enzymes from birth, the
- disease is provoked by the presence of worms and lamblias,
- consumption of acute and fatty foods in an uncontaminated amount, especially if unhealthy food is combined with drinking alcohol and smoking;
- allergy to medicines or certain products can cause enteritis;
- viral diseases can disrupt intestinal health,
- diseases of other digestive tract organs create prerequisites for abnormalities in bowel work,
- long-term intake of certain medications can cause bowel disorder;such a reaction happens, for example, to neuroleptics, hormones;
- autoimmune disorders create prerequisites for other diseases, including enteritis.
First signs and symptoms in adults and children
Symptoms of the disease are:
- the stool becomes liquid, in some cases ointment;
- in the navel zone, pain is felt,
- is often accompanied by bloating,
- in the abdomen, rumbling is observed,
- general condition also changes, the patient loses weight.
Types of
There are several classifications of the disease. There are different types of enteritis, depending on the chosen trait.
The problem localization gives a variety:
- enterocolitis - if the problem covers the colon;
- enteritis - the disease is localized in the small intestine:
- total enteritis - a negative process has engulfed the entire small intestine;
- ileitis - an inflammatory process in the ileum;
- etinitis - the same in the jejunum;
- gastroenteritis - if the lesion simultaneously touched the organs:
- of the large intestine,
- of the small intestine,
- of the stomach;
- gastroenteritis is a disease of the small intestine and stomach.
Classification by the factor that initiated the disease:
- alimentary enteritis( direct effect on the mucous organ);
- radiation enteritis,
- infectious enteritis,
- toxic enteritis,
- enteritis associated with congenital pathologies;
- parasitic enteritis,
- drug enteritis,
- postoperative enteritis.
The duration of the disease divides it into two types.
- Chronic enteritis - the disease does not last a long time and requires the obligatory help of doctors. The problem is fraught with complications.
- Acute enteritis - a cycle of its course no more than a month. Symptoms of the disease resemble poisoning.
Chronic
Disease in chronic form arises from long-standing causes initiating enteritis:
- violation of diet,
- chronic diseases of other digestive organs,
- long-term administration of medicines,
- all of the above reasons:
- helminthic invasion,
- effects of virus or bacteria action,
- enzymatic insufficiency by nature,
- natural anomalies of the body, provoking malfunctions in the digestive system
- and other causes.
That the disease is in chronic form can be judged by such symptoms:
- frequent bowel movement( up to five times),
- stool either liquid or mushy;in feces poorly digested food remains;
- may be painful urge to empty,
- it happens that the condition causes tremors of the extremities;
- after emptying the person experiences:
- a sharp decline of strength,
- lowering of blood pressure.
The disease is dangerous because the body stops receiving adequate nutrition due to malabsorption in the small intestine, problems arise due to deficiency of certain substances:
- osteoporosis,
- anemia,
- protein starvation.
The course of the disease has three stages of severity:
- The first stage is indicated by the main symptoms of the disease.
- The second stage is marked by a noticeable weight loss associated with chronic nutritional deficiencies due to absorption problems in the small intestine.
- The third stage is indicated by the fact that signs of a shortage of certain substances in the body are added to the previous symptoms, and problems with other organs caused by the deficiency are already evident.
Treatment is carried out in accordance with the cause that became the initiator of the disease, for example:
- for a bacterial disease, antibiotics are used:
- ampicillin,
- tetracycline,
- streptomycin;
- if the disease is caused by lamblia, then appoint:
- of mexaforms,
- enteroseptol.
Acute
When acute form enteritis occurs:
- disorder of stool,
- headache,
- rise in temperature,
- reduced body tone,
- if liquid stool does not work for a long time to normalize, then dehydration of the organism occurs with all the consequences;
- muscle cramps are possible.
If symptoms of acute enteritis occur, seek help from a specialist. Until the moment of cleansing the stomach and intestines is not shown to take food.
After cleansing procedures it is recommended to stay two days starving. It is allowed only to drink sweet strong tea.
It is necessary to carefully observe bed rest, prescribed treatment and diet. The launched disease passes into a chronic form.
With expressed signs of poisoning, the patient is given an antidote. The body is supported by cardiovascular drugs.
Ulcerous
If the disease is accompanied by the formation of ulcers on the intestinal mucosa with their further necrosis, then this is ulcerative enterocolitis. This phenomenon is often found in domestic birds.
The situation calls for immediate treatment and under the supervision of specialists. This kind of enteritis carries a threat of dehydration.
Parvovirus
Enteritis of this species usually occurs in dogs. Disease of infectious nature. The consequence of the inflammatory process of the small intestine is the necrosis of its walls.
The disease is very dangerous for animals. The virus is resistant to the action of most antibiotics. If you go to the veterinarian later, the animal may die.
Rotavirus
The disease manifests itself sharply. More often affects children. The infection with a virus of this type( rotavirus) causes the problem.
Under the microscope, the pathogens of infection look like castors, this similarity gave them a name. The virus can be found in open and underground water bodies.
Eosinophilic
The disease manifests itself in many ways. The causes of the appearance of the disease are not clear. The consequence of this type of enteritis is the destruction of the mucous and muscular layers of the digestive organs, including the small intestine.
Infectious
Infectious form of enteritis is caused by viruses and bacteria. Mostly, young children of this early age are affected by this disease because of not yet perfect immunity.
Infection is transmitted only between people. Transmission route is fecal-oral. The disease is characterized by a sharp manifestation of symptoms.
You should immediately seek professional help. The situation is fraught with dehydration of the body, in some cases, muscle cramps are possible.
Hemorrhagic
This kind of enteritis occurs in dogs. It is provoked by bacteria and parasites that affect the intestines. In dogs, the disease causes bloody diarrhea and vomiting.
Only an expert can determine the diagnosis. The disease is severe, the animal can die. As soon as possible, contact the veterinarian.
Follicular
Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa can cause it to become impregnated with pus.
Further, intestinal follicles can fester. The situation can exacerbate before the appearance of follicular abscesses.
This type of disease is called follicular enteritis. The appointment of care arrangements can only be given by a doctor.
Adenovirus
The disease has a name for a variety of the virus that initiates this kind of enteritis. The causative agent of the disease has not been sufficiently studied.
Infected young children. The adenovirus is transmitted through contacts.
Complications of
The disease can cause undesirable effects:
- As a result of acute enteritis that has developed to a severe degree, intestinal wall damage may occur:
- perforation,
- intestinal bleeding,
- organ wall damage - necrosis.
- One of the dangerous consequences of acute enteritis is the loss of fluid in the amount leading to dehydration of the body. This condition can lead to vascular insufficiency of an acute nature.
- If the patient has a variety of disease - toxic enteritis or allergic enteritis, that is, the risk of damage to other organs:
- kidney,
- liver,
- other digestive organs,
- heart.
Diagnostics
To confirm the disease specialists carry out a number of actions:
- Closely inspect patient:
- produces palpation of the abdomen,
- specialist analyzes the patient's complaints.
- A survey with the help of devices:
- videocapsular endoscopy,
- computed tomography,
- for biochemical examination of the small intestine mucosa,
- endoscopy( initial small intestine),
- magnetic resonance imaging.
- The following tests are performed:
- blood for biochemistry,
- a clinical blood test is aimed at detecting:
- leukocetosis,
- anemia,
- is determined by ESR;
- coprogram - for the presence of enteritis will indicate the presence in the stool:
- fat,
- hidden blood,
- carbohydrates,
- if dysbiosis is detected.
How to treat enteritis in adults and children?
Treatment measures are appointed depending on the type of disease and the stage of the disease. Usually, such actions are carried out:
- antibacterial therapy,
- prescribe drugs that fill the lack of vitamins;
- mandatory recommendation is a diet;
- if necessary, antiparasitic therapy is performed,
- takes actions aimed at bringing the metabolic rate back to normal;
- designate fortifying measures that contribute to enhancing the body's defenses;
- focuses on eliminating dysbacteriosis,
- is prescribed drugs that cause effects:
- decreased flatulence,
- improved digestion of food( enzymes),
- normalization of intestinal motility.
Diet
Nutrition of patients is recommended with the use of a special diet that takes into account general and individual recommendations:
- is excluded products with the content of coarse fiber and caffeine,
- is not recommended for drinking alcohol,
- for the patient is selected individually by the dining room number,
- usually patients with enteritis from the menu exclude dairyproducts, dishes with a high content of carbohydrates;
- food intake is recommended in small portions six times a day.
Folk remedies
The inflammatory process in the intestine is well treatable by folk remedies.
There are many tips for taking herbal tinctures, as well as fruits. Here are some of them:
- Chamomile broth is taken four times a day for 50 ml. Prepare the broth, combining a tablespoon of flowers and a glass of water, brought to a boil. After this, the solution is kept on very low heat for five minutes.
- Well helps with diarrhea intake of apple slurry in a volume of 300 g five times a day. Before use, apples are ground on a fine grater.
- A decoction made from pomegranate bark is also an effective treatment for enterocolitis. Preparing the product on low heat, placing in a glass of boiling water 20 g dry crust. You can add to the broth 50 g of pomegranate seeds. Take the medicine twice a day for 50 ml.
Drug treatment
Drugs that are included in the treatment course are directed to such actions:
- Enzyme therapy - improves absorption of nutrients, removes discomfort in the abdomen, caused by:
- frequent stool,
- by gassing
- and painful sensations.
This:
- pancreas Kirshneraenstistal,
- pepsidil,
- enzyme,
- Oraza,
- soluble.
- If the patient is diagnosed with an increased presence of pathogenic microbes, then antibiotic therapy is performed:
- preparations of the cephalosporin group,
- enterofuril.
- Remedies for motor:
- loperamide.
- Assign drugs that enrich the body with vitamins and minerals.
- Probiotics are recommended that restore the intestinal microflora.
Prognosis and prevention of
In order not to create the prerequisites for the appearance of enteritis, it is necessary to properly organize the food:
- It is necessary to take food so as not to allow overeating.
- It is impossible to tolerate a very rare food intake, so that the digestive organs do not experience functional disorders.
- Diet is a very important preventative measure of the disease, in addition, if the enteritis has an easy form, then the diet can normalize the condition.